INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
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VOL. 32, NO. 10
(16) Peterson, ’RT. J., Hughes, J. S., and Freeman, H. F., IND.EXG. CHEW,Anal. Ed., 9, 71 (1937). (17) Peterson, W.J., Hughes, J. S., and Payne, L. F., Kans. Agr. Expt. Sea., Tech. Bull. 46 (1939). (18) Russell, W. C., Taylor, M. W., and Chichester, D. F., N. J. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bull. 560 (1934). (19) Schertr, F. M . , IKD. EKG.CHEM.,30, 1073 (1938). (20) Schertr, F . M.,J. Agr. Research, 30,469 (1925). and Russell, W. C., J . Nutrition, 16, 1 (1938). (21) Taylor, M. W., (22) Willsthtter, R . , and Stoll, A., “Investigations on Chlorophyll”, tr. by Schertr and Merz, Lancaster, Penna., Science Press Printing Co., 1928. (23) Zechmeister, L.,“Die Carotinoide”, Berlin, Julius Springer, 1934.
(2) Clausen, S.W., and McCoord, A. B., J . Biol. Chem., 113,89(1936). (3) Eekelen, M. van, and Pannevis, W., Nature, 141, 203 (1938). (4) Fraps, G. S., and Kemmerer, A. R . , J. Assoc. Oficial Agr. Chem.. 22, 190 (1939). (5) Fremy, M. E.,Compt. rend., 61,188 (1865). (6) Glasstone, S., “Recent Advances in Physical Chemistry”, p. 382, Philadelphia, P. Blakiston’s Son & Co., 1936. (7) Guilbert, H.R . , J. Nutrition, 10, 45 (1932). (8) Hauge, S. M., J . B i d . Chem., 108, 331 (1938). (9) Hauge, S. M., and Aitkenhead, W., Ibid., 93, 657 (1931). (10) Holmes, H. N., and Leicester, H. M., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 54,716 (1932). (11) Holmes, H.N.,and Leicester, H. M., U. S. Patent 1,953,607 (April 3, 1934). (12) MacKinney, G., J . Biol. Chsm., 111, 75 (1935). (13) Palmer, L. S., “Carotinoid8 and Related Pigments”, A. C. 8. Monograph 9, New York, Chemical Catalog Co., 1922. (14) Palmer, L. S., “Vitamins”, Chap. 1, Chicago, Am. Medical Assoc., 1939. (15) Petering, H . G.,Wolman, W., and Hibbard, R. P., IXD. ENG. CEEM., Anal. Ed., 12, 148 (1940).
PRESENTED as part of the joint Symposium on Vitamins and Nutrition before the Divisions of Biologioal Chemistry, of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, and of Medicinal Chemistry, a t the 99th Meeting of the American Chemical Sooiety, Cincinnati, Ohio. Published with the permission of the Director of the experiment station aa Journal Article 431 (n, 8 . ) .
TANK CONTENT NOMOGRAPH n. S. DAVIS, Wayne University, Detroit, Mich. HERE vertical space is limited, it is frequently necessary to install long cylindrical tanks so that they rest upon their sides rather than upon their circular bases. While convenient mechanically, this practice makes the calculation of contents for any given depth somewhat difficult, since the volume per unit depth increases with increasing depth for the lower half of the tank and decreases for the upper half, I n the case of a tank with plane ends, the contents at any depth is given by the product of the entire volume of the
tank and the ratio of the areas of the wetted segment and an end: ‘vhere
0
’
=
V = 0.00340 D 2 L f gallons
D = inner diameter, inches L = inner length, inches f = ratio of areas of the wetted segment and an end
The area of the segment is given by R 2 (a - sin a ) / 2 so that f becomes R2 (a - sin a ) / 2 s R 2 or (a - sin a)/2n,where R is the radius of an end, a = 2 cos-’ ( R h / R ) , and h is the depth. The alignment chart performs this confusing computation readily and accurately. /44 The d-scale a t the right is graduated in BO units of depth as a percentage of the diameter but is really a scale of f, the 60 ratio of segment to circle. The use of the cliart is illustrated as follows: What are the contents of a cylindrical tank resting upon its side when the inner diameter is 90 inches, the inside length is 140 inches, and the depth is 27 inches? Following the key, connect 90 on the D-scale with 140 on the L-scale and mark the intersection with the taxis. Noting that the depth (27 inches) is 30 per cent of the diameter (90 inches), connect the intersection just found with 30 on the d-scale and read the desired value as 964 gallons on the V-scale. A nomograph1 for calculating the contents of partially filled horizontal tanks with bulged ends was given previously. A portion of this chart can be used for horizontal tanks with plane ends, but the contents are given per foot of length, requiring outside multiplication for practical use. The accompanying chart, for the range of lengths given, is more convenient.
i
I
,
I
Li:
100
Key.
0-L t-d
40
1
Davii. D.S.,Chem. & Met. Enu., 41, 602 (1934)
