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THE PRIESTLEY CENTENNIAL, TURNING-POINT IN THE CAREER OF W. GEORGE WARING' SISTER MARY GRACE WARING Marymount College, Salina, Kansas
NORTHUMBERLAND BECAME IMPORTANT T H E PRIESTLEYS, as far back as 1795, settled a t Northumberland in Pennsylvania. There the north and west branches of the Susquehanna River come together, its steep banks rising into hills, which in turn swell into distant mountains, so that it is doubtful whether this distinguished family could have chosen a lovelier spot for their residence (10). Joseph Priestley came to America in 1794 and shortly after his arrival a t Northumberland wrote: "Nothing can be more delightful, or more healthy than this place" (19). The two days, July 31 and August 1 of 1874, were important for the inhabitants of Northumberland. There were older men and women who could remember Joesph Priestley, for he had lived among them and had associated with them in town gatherings. Some of his descendants still lived there and were carrying on family traditions. Whether or not they had known him, they came to realize that their town had been the home of a man who was a great discoverer, and that honor had come to them because of him. Colonel David T a c ~ a r had t been chosen bv his fellow citizens to give an address of welcome to scientists of the United States and Canada who had the Of The celebration was in the discovery of oxygen by Joseph Priestley. ''A hundred years ago," they were told, "chemistry began" (10). ~~ ~i i l special dispatches to the N~~ york ~ Herald, and Times (29,11,28),indicate that there was a feeling of intense expectation On the morning Of that event:
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fessor Albert Leeds, of the Stevens Institute, Hoboken, Seeretary (88).
CHEMISTRY LOOKING UP
To the chemists, however, that was their celebration. It was the one hundredth anniversary of the birth of chemistry. A two-day program scheduled the following papers: "The life and labors of Priestley," by H. H. Croft; "The century's progress in theoretical chemistry," by T. Sterry p u n t ; "A review of industrial chemistry," by J . Lawrence Smith; and "American contributions to chemistry," by Benjamin Sillimau. Original letters written by Joseph Priestley were read. The Priestley mansion was visited and attending chemists were given an opportunity to examine Priestley's apparatus, books, and manuscripts. On the evening of the first day a concourse of a t least five hundred townspeople and guests assembled a t Priestley's grave, where Dr. Henry Coppee delivered an eloquent oration in tribute to the man in vhose honor they were assembled. The respectful observance was described in the New York Times as follows: '3
The scene was an impresfiive one. The speaker addressed a silent and attentive throng, standing in the flush and glow of a gorgeous sunset, on a commanding hill-side, with a superb prospect of mountain, river, and town before him, and over his head the blue canopy of heaven (88).
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An attempt was made at this meeting to organize a Chemical of America. The following quotation b ~ ~ ~Society , is taken from The Worki:
Professor Fraser proposed the formation of a chemical society which should date its origin from this centennial celebration, urged the fact that, while American chemists have done Pursuant40 a call issued a few weeks ago, a brilliantgatherine and perhaps a larger amount of work -in their awn department of the leading chemists and kindred scientists of the country proportionstel,, has been in the world within the last assembled here this morning to commemorate the centennial of centuri in any other of science, they have as yet in this chemistry, wisely dating its existence as an exact science from the country not a single society to represent the thought of starting point of his discovery of oxygen gas, just a century ago. the country. ~h~ speaker moved that a committee of five be From East and West they came. Wherever colleges are found or natural sciences are studied there were disciples of Priestley appointed by the president of the meeting, to whom shall be referred the a representative committee to unite with others from all over the land in honoring his mem- of chemists of the Unitod States to form a chemical society and ory.. . . all questions relating to the organization and character of the The influxof visitors is a large one for so small a town to enter- society, whether or not it shall have an organ, ete. tain a t short notice. But the good people of Northumberland which professor J. L~~~~~~~ Smith stated the opened their hearts and their homes and took in all who came. One formidable abjection in the way of an This morning the main hall of the village academy was rather was that this was too large, md that it would be impostoo well filled with visitors and townspeople. Professor Charles sible to its Indeed, the very F. Chandler, of Columbia College, was made chairman, and Pro- strength of the country is in decentralization, We want all our scientific institutions dispersed far and wide. We have already two greet institutions in the country-the American Scientific 1 Presented before the Division of the History of Chemistry a t the 113th meeting of the American Chemical Society in Chi- Association and the American Academy of Sciences-which undertake to emhrace in their proceedings everything conneetee cago, April 20!:1948. 647
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION with chemical research, and it would be more creditable to the chemical talent of this country if an attempt were made to secure its better representation in the chemical sections of the former Association. Even the meetings of the Chemical Association of London, where there exists a great centralization of chemists, are very meaprly attended, the members preferring to read their papers in the more distinguished Royal Society. The same is true of the French Chomicttl Association, while the Academy of Sciences of France is constantly filled with the h e s t papers relrtting to chemistry. The question was discussed at length by Professors F. W. Clarke, William H. Chandler, Van Der Weyde, Bolton, Horsford, E. T. Cox, and Silliman. Dr. Bolton offered the following amendment to the motion of Professor Frazer, which was adopted: Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed from this meeting to cooperate with the American Amociation for the Advancement of Science at their next meeting to the end of establishing a chemical section on a firmer basis. CommitteeBolton, Silliman, Smith, Horsford, and Hunt (86).
A comment in the New York Weekly Journal of Commerce a few days later entitled, "Chemistry looking up," brought out the possible effectsof the Northumberland celebration upon the chemists of the country; excerpts from the comment follow: All of a sudden, the chemists of America have shot into notice.
...it is pleasant to see this neglected and maltreated branch of
howledge rise up and stoutly assert its importance. The %ntennial anniversary of the birth of chemistry" over the grave of Priestley, discoverer of oxygen, at Northumberland, Pa., supplied American chemists with the occasion to muster and show themselves, and they improved it well. ...the services. commemorative and eulo~istie,a t Northumberland were ver; interesting; but the actionwhich most concerns the public is that looking to the future uplifting of chemistry in the United St,ntea. ... - .-... . ..we- hone now. datine from the well-attended and enthusiestic meetini at a or thug her land, that the chemists of America will work together in a strong effort to build up their neglected science, and reap far themselves the fame, if not the substantial reward, whioh usually falk to the share of him who enlarges the bounds of human knowledge (6).
The actual impact of the Priestley Centennial upon the chemists was well stated by B r w e in the Golden Jubilee Number of the Journal of the American Chemical ' Society, published in 1926 as follows: The Priestley Centennial. . .was the first important solely ehrmical meeting of a national character to he held in the United States. . . .it is largely to the inspiring influences which emanated from the Priestley Centennial that the American Chemical Society owes its origin (B).
The American Chemical Society was organized on April 6, 1876, less than two years.after the Priestley Centennial. It has grown from a small gathering of ninety chemists to an influential organization of fiftyfive thousand in 1947. TURNING-POINT IN CAREER OF W. GEORGE WARING
Present a t the demonstration in Northumberland was a young man who was neither a citizen of the town, nor a delegate to the convention. Three causes brought about his attendance a t that assemblage: he represented the State Governor, John Frederic Harlranft; he carried to the meetmg a sketch of the l i e and works of Dr. Evan Pugh as requested by Professor C. F.
Chandler; he accepted Dr. H. Carrington Bolton's invitation to report the proceedings (51,36,37). Fifty-seven years later, William George Waring gave his own brief account of the Priestley Centennial: In 1874 the centennial of the discovery of oxygen by Priestley was celebrated by a meeting of 91 chemists (all there were in the United States excepting a few assistant teachers) a t Priestley's grave in Northumberland. I reported the proceedings for the New Ymk Daily Tribune,Herald, and Times. Incidentally, through meeting there with Chandler, Egleston, and other well-known leading chemists, I was induced to take aperial coursrs in rninrralop and Llos-pipe analysh. Excdlin:: in the latter broufh~sbout my employmmt9.3 \wIl a3 my wiie's in the work of the irnitcd States Croloriral Survw in Colorado from 1879 to 1881, and my connectiin with t h k work continued until very recently. The metallurgy of zinc is a specialty that has brought me in contact with, I believe, all the eincsmelting operators in the country ($8).
In the same communication the history of chemistry a t the time of the Priestley Centennial is summaxized by Mr. Waring in a short paragraph: Organic ohemistry was just in its infancy when I studied chemistry under Dr. Evan Pugh at Pennsylvania State College in 1861-63. Inorganic chemistry was considered complete"un fait accompli." AU the elements, 63 if I remember aright, were known to have been discovered and even all their compounds were believed to he known, but there remained only a large field of undiscovered reactions to he developed (88).
A study of accounts of the event as printed in New York papers reveals that the items in the Herald and T d u n e were almost exact duplicates; the story which appeared in the Sun was condensed from the Herald an' Tribune. The World carried more detalied reports which seem to be written a little later in the day, but which have several exactly diiplicated parts of the articles published in the papers quoted. So it appears that Mr. Waring's accounts were used for all of the New York papers mentioned (11,27,28,29,85). BEFORE THE PRIESTLEY CENTENNIAL
William George Waring (3, 16-17, 31-85) was born near Boalsburg, Centre County, Pennsylvania, Febrnary 21, 1847, and there received his early education in the public schools. His father, William Griffith Waring (20, 21, 52-35), who had emigrated from Herefordshire, England, to Pennsylvania in 1835, opened the Farmer's School in Centre County in 1857 as superintendent. On July 2, 1862, Abraham Lincoln signed the Morill Land Grant College Act, under which provision, the institution, in 1863, became known as the Agricultural College of Pennsylvania, the name being changed later to Pennsylvania State College. In 1859 Dr. Evan Pugh became the first president of the Farmer's School but William Griffith Waring continued as an instructor under him for some time. Dr. Pugh was ardently admired by the youth, George Waring, as shown in the following quotations taken from his notes: Dr. Pugh made frequent visits to our home in Penn's Valley after father quit the college, and consulted father upon mrtny things. . .connected with horticulture, botany, and scientific
DECEMBER, 1948
649
subjects. Upon one of these occasions be brought me a present of a very complete set of apparatus-flasks, test tubes, beakers, evaporating dishes, and reagents-for elementary chemical experiments in analysis. On another occasion he asked father to allow me to drive him to the railroad station as he was called to Harrisburg. Permission was given and I (then only about 13 or 14 years old-1860) drove him from the college through the seven mountains. It was the most wonderful trip of my whole Life. I was never satisfied until I was enabled to become his most beloved student ($S, $6).
graphical notes on Dr. Evan Pugh to be used in preparation for the sketch (43). AFTER THE PRIESTLEY CENTENNIAL
W. George Waring attended Columbia College (New York), and Stevens Institute of Technology (3, 31, @). In his memoirs he mentions that he became expert in mineralogy and blowpipe analysis, thanks to the help of his good friend, Dr. Leeds of the Stevens Institute George's wish was granted when a t the age of 14, in (40). His diary for September, 26, 1874, lists the 1861, he registered a t the Pennsylvania State College, requisites for blowpipe analysis with accompanying from which he was graduated as a member of the class drawings. The same diary for December 9, 1874, of 1864 (23). contains a list of minerals covering about ten pages His class was broken up by the Civil War in which (44). During the five years following the Priestley most of his classmates enlisted; but George was not Centennial, his other avocations were subordinated accepted as a volunteer because of his youth and small one by one, until he went to Denver, Colorado, in stature. According to the ancient rite of the family, it 1879, as metallurgist under Samuel F. Emmons (16, wasnecessary that he learn a trade; so George wassent 83), who was employed by the U. S. Geological Survey, toNewYork tolearnglassblowing. Hewasaccomplished which newly formed society had been organized the enough to become foreman of the plant in which he previous year (1). Although Mr. Waring did some worked part time (16,41). However the hubbub of the court reporting in Denver from 1879 to 1882, and city was tiresome to his quiet and peaceful disposition; throughout his life wrote occasional news items, metalso he soon quit the turmoil of New York to learn the lurgy had become his primary interest. business of horticulture and floriculture a t Wm. C. In 1882, Mr. Waring entered the employment of the Wilson's a t Astoria. He established himself in that Rico Reduction Company, Rico, Colorado, as superinbusiness a t Tyrone, Pennsylvania, in 1866 (40). tendent and chemist. In 1884 he moved to Silver AT THE TIME OF THE PRIESTLEY CENTENNIAL . City, New Mexico, and was manager of and metallurgist for the Flagler Reduction and Smelting ComIn 1874, when W. George Waring attended the pany until 1892. Between 1886 and 1898 he was conPriestley Centennial, he was a, resident a t Tyrone' sulting metallurgist and chemical engineer for the where he still conducted the same business, hut was Hidalgo Mining Company of Parral and Chihuahua, following several other avocations as well. Having and for the Moctezuma Mining Company of Lamstudied shorthand under Isaac Pitman, he played a pozos, Sonora, Mexico. considerable part in introducing the Isaac Pitman When the New hlexico School of Mines, Socorro, system of shorthand into this country. He founded New Mexico, was organized, under an act of the Territhe Phonetic Magazine, and had charge of the American torial Legislature, February 28, 1891, W. George Phonetic Depot a t Tyrone (33, 0-53). He did sur- Waring became one of the original members of the veying and mapping as city engineer of Tyrone and Board of Trustees. He set out the aims of that institumaintained a private laboratory in his home where he tion in an address to His Excellency, th'e Honorable L. analyzed specimens for a local l i e s t o n company Bradford Prince, Governor of the Territory of New He was court reporter for the 24th judicia dlstrict of Mexico (39). the state. Frank J. Condon of Johnstown, PennsylIn 1897 Mr. Waring returned to his former home in vania, in a paper read before a meeting of the Pennsyl- Tyrone, Pennsylvania, where he continued his offices of vania Stenographic Association a t Bellefonte on Febru- metallurgist and consulting engineer for mining comary 27, 1884, paid Mr. Waring the following tribute: panies of that area. As a reporter he has no superior and few equak. So perfect The Archbishop of Santa Fe, Most Reverend John are these (his) notes, and so absolutely verbatim, that the Baptist Lamy, who has a pseudonym in the novel of writer of this article, though a follower of a different system, is able to transcribe both testimony and charges of the court (7). Willa Cather, "Death Comes to the Archbishop," was a close friend of W. George Waring and always In addition to these activities Mr. Waring was a stopped a t his house when a t Silver City (46). news reporter for several papers. At the Priestley From 1889 Mr. Waring was owner of the Waring Centennial, besides preparing special dispatches for the Research Laboratories in Joplin and Webb City, MisKew York papers, it was his privilege to contribute a souri, which he himself conducted until 1914, when he sketch of the life and works of Dr. Evan Pugh as a retired from active service as chemical engineer, but part of Benjamin Silliman's paper on "American continued to engage in metallurgical research work. contributions to chemistry" which was published in the He served as vice-president and president of the American Chemist of August-September, 1874 (35). Oronogo Mutual Mining Company. A series of diaries, largely written in shorthand, from Mr. Waring's investigations and discoveries were about 1854 to 1933 are replete with chemical notes. almost phenomenal. He was a member of the ComAbout July 17, 1874, his diary contains a few bio- mittee on Uniformity of Technical Analysis of the
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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION
American Chemical Society (8, 86). He worked out the Ramon mine, he rode up a distance of 600 feet through Waring Method for the volumetric determination of a vertical shaft in a gunny-sack sling attached to a zinc (86, 46) which method or some of its modifications wire cable, which a t the surface was wound around a are still used in the textbooks of quantitative analysis huge drum operated by six horses. The sack swung (18). His original notebook, a model of neatness and from one wall to another, then whirled about in the accuracy, containing records of his analyses, has been center of the shaft, during the time required to draw preserved. The scientific papers and works of W. him to the top. This was an experience he never George Waring were prolific, both in number and ver- wished to repeat (80). satility (36,@, 47, 48,54-67). Many of his methods From his pen came also such articles as, "The and discoveries were patented (68-73). development of the orchestra" @I), and "The orchestra He published many papers of cultural value, seasoned in America" (88), for he was an accomplished violinist with items of scientific import. In a series of fifteen and flutist. articles written for the Tyrone (Pennsylvania) Daily Mr. Waring became a member of the Society of Herald from 1896 to 1899, he recounts entertaining tales Chemical Industry of London in 1902, of the American of his travels in Mexico. Once ~vhenvisiting the San Chemical Society in 1904, and of the American Association for the Advancement z of Science in 1908. He held membership in the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers; was a member of the Kansas City Section and a charter member of the Southeast Kansas Section of the American Chemical Society, before which he gave a paper as late as 1931 at the age of 84 years (6). W. GEORGE WARING. THE MAN
.,>KT. Waring suffered from a fall in his laboratory August 25, 1933. He was bedfast from that time until his death December 24, 1935. , During his illness his memory relative to his work was as alert as ever (18). He probably outlived any of those chemists who attended the Northumberland Centennial of 1874. Frank Wigglesworth Clark died in 1931 (9); and Samuel Goldschmidt's demise occurred in 1933 (4). In his personal copy of Browne's "A half-century of chemistry in AmericaUhis identification appears in his own writing, and he has made other additions and corrections (57). His dispatches to theNew Yorkpapers, reporting the Centennial of 1874. were ~ublished without a signature, nor is he listed in publications
DECEMBER. 1948
recording the names of those in attendance a t that gathering (14). The only literature reference (1874) found, alluding to his connection with that celebration, is a footnote in the American Chemist attributing the biographical sketch of Dr. Evan Pugh to W. S. Waring (W. G. Waring) ($5). The one notable event which gave him recognition was the conferring of the degree of Master of Science by the Pennsylvania State College in 1916 ($2). But he again passed into oblivion, for his own Alumni Office was unable to furnish any more information for this paper ($4). Except for the obituary in his local newspaper (I$), his death passed unnoticed; the Chemical Abstracts to date carried no reference to obituaries or biographies in scientific journals. Mr. Waring had two sons. William George IV died in Silver City, New Mexico, in 1888. Guy Hull Waring who was born a t Tyrone, Pennsylvania, in 1875, worked with his father on many projects, and has been president and manager, as well as part owner of the New Year Tailing Mill, and is a t present manager of the Oronogo Mutual Mining Company, Oronogo, Missouri. In a recent interview Guy gave the following description of his father: My father always wanted to keep in the background. He wanted three meals a day, all the cigars he could smoke, and someone he could help. He did not want charge of anything. He was interested purely in his investigations, his research; he wanted to do metallurgical work. As soon as he found out what he was looking for, he was satisfied; he would turn his discovery over to someone else for practical use. He was not interested in making money. I believe that I have never met any one so kind as my father (81).
A devout member of the Episcopal Church, his religious beliefs being deep-rooted, W. George Waring was an active promoter of that church. He received but little applause in worldly circles but still lives in the hearts of men who knew and loved him. Insight into the character of this man, as gleawd from memoirs, communications, and interviews with his friends and acquaintances, has convinced the writer of this hiography that he possessed a firm faith and utter submission to the will of God. The following tribute by Bruce Williams, chemical engineer and analyst, and owner of the Bruce William Laboratories of Joplin, Missouri (15), is a fitting summary of the scientific as well as personal traits which distinguish the hero of this narrative: I first heenme acauainted with Mr. W. Georse Warine" bv ~ read. ~
~
nrr some of his puldiht4 ~rfwlcson the merhrd of annlyticd clrtrrmiuation of zinc w l m ~1 w s + a srudcnt at lianx% b i v c n i t y . I corrrspmdcd with him for wmc additional ivlfurm3rmn ask in^ many questions. Mr. Waring always replied promptly. He wrote inlonghand, and I was amazed at the time he would give to a student and the thoroughness with which he went into all the conditions that might affect the particular questions about which I wrote him. This same thoroughness of Mr. Waring and his intorest in a student or anyone that asked him questions continued throughout his life time.
I went to work for Mr. Waring in 1909 and purchased his laboratory from him in 1914. Many years after I purchased this laboratory from him I called on Mr. Waring for help and information. He was not only willing to do this hut anxious to do it, and continued to write out in longhand detailed directions pertaining to the questions I asked. Mr. Waring was a scientist and he lived from the viewpoint of a scientist. He was very thorough and painstaking. In all the years I knew him I never h e a d him say an unkind word to anyone or about anyone (84).
The remains of W. George Waring repose in the cemetery a t Tyrone, Pennsylvania, after a life spent a t peace with God and neighbor, fruitful in metallurgical and analytical research, and replete with remarkable experiences. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I am grateful to Guy H. Waring, who gave kindly assistance and permitted free access to the memoirs and private papers of his father. I am also indebted to R. N. Waring for many helpful communications; to Francis Arrigbi, a student, who assisted in collecting data; and to others who contributed information. LITERATURE CITED (1) BATES,R. S., '(Scientific Societies in the United States," John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1946, p. 89. (2) B n o w ~C. ~ ,A., "A Half-Century of Chemistry in America," Mack Printing Co., Easton, Pennsylvania, 1926, Intro-
duction, p. VI. (3) CATTELL,J. M.,
AND J. CATPELL,"American Men of Science," 4th ed.. The Science Press. New York. 1927. p. 1028. (4) Chem. Eng. N m s , 11, 40 (1933). (5) "Chemistry looking up," N. Y. Weekly J . Commerce, . August 6, 1874, p. 4, cob. 1-2. (6) CHAP MAN,,.^. W., Secy. Southeast Kans. See. A. C. S., Pittshurg, Kansas, Private Communication, Deoemher 5,
1945
(7) CONDON, J. F., "Phonography in Pennsylvania courts," Altoona (Pennsylvania) Daily T~ibune,February 27, 1 QQA &""A.
(8) COMMIT~EE O N UNIFORMITY IN .TECHNICAL ANALYSIS, J. Am. Chem. Soe., 26,1644 (1904): (9) DENNIS,L. M., Science, 74, 212 (1931). (10) "The Northumberland celebration," New York Evenzng Post, August 1, 1874, p. 2, col. 1. (11) "Chemistry's centennial," New York Herald, August 1, 1874, p. 3, cols. 5-6. (12) "George Waring, chemist, dies," Joplin Gbbe, The Joplin Globe Publishing Co., Joplin, Missouri, December 25, t02E A""".
(13) KLINE,H., Private Communication, Office of the Registrar, Pennsylvania State College, December 18, 1945. (14) LEEDS,A. R., Am. Chemist, 5,37 (1874). (15) LEONARD, J. W., "Who's Who in Engineering," 2nd ed., Who's Who Publications, Inc., New York, 1925, pp. 2191, 2227. (16) LIVINGSTON, J. T., "A History of Jasper County Missouri
and Its People," The Lewis Publishing Co., Chicago, 1912, Val. 11, p. 839. (17) "National Cyclopedia. of American Biography." James T. White & Co., New York, 1927, Current Volume B, p. 251. (18) M A ~ NE., G., "Quantitative Analysis," 4th ed., McGrawHill Book Co., New York, 1927, p. 251. (19) "Northumherland, The Story of an Old Town." The Susquehanna Press, Northumherland, ~ennsylvania,1929, P. 10.
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8
P a n Slate Alumni News, Pennsylvania State College, Pennsylvania, 1929, 15 (6), 3 4 (1929). Ibid., 15 (lo), 1-21, "Program of Fifty-Sixth Annual Commencement of the Penn State College," June 14, 1916. RICE, P. N., The New York Public Library, Ref. Dept., P r i v a t ~Communication, March 22, 1948. RILEY,R., EX. Secy. The Penn State Alumni Association, Private Communication, February 4, 1948. S~LLIMAN, B. J., Am. Chemist, 5, 90 (1874). STONE,G. C., AND W. GEORGEWARING,J. Am. Chem. Soc., 29, 263 (1907). "The birth of chemistry," New York Sun, August 1, 1874, p. 1, col. 3. "The scienoe of chemistry," New York Times, August 1, 1874, p. 1, 001s. 3 4 . "Chemistry's centennial," New York Daily Tribune, Aurmst 1. 1874. D. 12. cols. 1-2: Aunust 3. 1874. D. 8.
1948. WARING,J. H., University of Maine, Orono, Maine, Private Communication, March 18, 1948. WARING,R. N., Genealogical Blueprint, 1943. WARING,R. N., Manasquan, New Jersey, Private Communications, 194648. W -~ N GR.. N.. "A Short Historv of the Warinas." - , The Herald Press, Tyrone, Pennsylvania, 1898, pp. 89b, l l j , 88d, 89a, 98h, 98c, 98e. WARING,W. G., "Notes for semi-oentennial reunion of class of 1864 of Penn State College," Scrapbook of W. G. W., June 8, 1914. WARING,W. G., Handwritten notations in personal copy of DD. 5., 7. "A Half-Centurv of Chemistrv in America." . .. See reference 2. WARING,W. G., Private Communication, September 1, 1931. WARING,W. G., '(A Circular of Information Regarding the New Mexico School of Mines a t Soearro, New Mexico," 1892. WARING,W. G., "Notes for response to address of welcome of President Sparks of the class of 1864 a t class reunion in 1914," Scrapbook of W. G. W. WARING.W. G.. Communication t o his father. William ~ . r i f f i t ,warin;. i Aoril 12. 1865. Men of Science," Scrapbook of W. G. W. WARING,W. G., Diary No. 3, 1874-75, pp. 27,5545. WARING,W. G., Private Communication, August 16, 1932. WARING.W. G.. "The volumetric determination of sino." WARING,W. G., ''~kscriptionbf a n instrument designed to facilitate elongation observations of circumpolar stars, for the purpose of determining the meridian," Annual Report of the Secretary of Internal Asairs, State of Pennsylvania, Novemher, 1878, pp. 44A47A. WARING,W. G., Notes from the "Surveyors Book," kept in Recorder's office, Hollidaysburg, Blair Co., Pennsylvania, October, 1878. WARING,W. G., Phonetic Magazine, 1 (1875). WARING,W. G., "A Primer of Phonography," Herald Printing House, Tyrone, Pennsylvania, 1873. WARING,W. G., "The Teacher's Manual of Exercises on
the Sounds of Speech," Tyrone, Pennsylvania, Phonetic Depot, 1881. "Exam~lesof P ~ & c (52), WARING.W. G.. AND W. S. SCHOFIELD. tical Spelling Lessons by Oculrtr Instead of Oral Dictation," Sower, Potts, & Co., Philadelphia, 1878. (53) WARING,W. G., "Stenographic matters in France," Phonetic Magazine, 5 (2), (February, 1880). (54) WARING,W. G., Eng. Mining J., May 9, (1896). (55) WARING, W. G., ibid., January 19, (1884). (56) WARING,W. G., ibid., 63, 257 (1897). 157) . . WARING.W. G.. "The Mercur District (Utah)." ,. ibid.., 62., 27 (1896). ' (58) WARING,W. G., Mining Sei. Press, 117, 193 (1918). (59) WARING,W. G., "The t m t h about Mexico," The Echo, Erie, Pennsyluania, News, September 5, 1896. (60) WARING, W. G., Bull. Am. Inst. Mining, Eng., p. 1257 (1917). (61) WARING,W. G., The Am. Zinc & Lead J . , 5, 1 (1917). (62) WARING,W. G., "Waring gives a set of tables to aid operators," Joplin Globe, Septemher 8, 1910. (63) WARING,W. G., "HOWdistrict lases thousands of tons of zinc," ibid., (Mining Ed.), January, 1921. (64) W ~ N GW., G., "Electrolysis may bring new era to sheet ground," ibid., Joplin, Missouri, February 3, 1918. (65) WARING,W. G., Eng. Mining J., 129,64 (1930). (66) WARING,W. G., Mining & Metallurgy, 6, 610 (1925). (67) WARING,W. G., "Modern Methods of Ore Dressing. Recent Improvements in Magnetic Separation." Bulletin issued by W. G. W., Webb City, Missouri. (68) WARING,W. G., "Process of Refining Silver Sulfides," U. S. Patent 475,907 (October8, 1886). (69) WARING,W. G., "Method of Extracting Zinc," U. 8. Patent 718,554 (January 13, 1903). (70) WARING,W. G., "Method of Producing Pure White Pigment, U. S. Patent 718,555 (January 13, 1903). (71) WARING,W. G., "Method of Marking Pure Hydrogen Sulfide from Furnace Gases," U. S. Patent 718,556 idanuarv 13. 19031. W ~ N GW., G., AND G. BATELLE,"Extraction of Zinc," U. S. Patent 1,430,269 (September 26, 1922). "Extraction of Lead and WARING,W. G., AND G. BATBLLE, Zinc," U. 8. Patent 1,430,27 'atent WARING,W. G., ' 1,430,271 (September 26, 1922). WARING. W. G.. "Proce~ses of Treatine Ores." U. S. patent 1,518,775 (November 4, 1924). WARING.W. G.. "Oxidation of Eume Furnaces." IT. S. patent 1,652,224 (December 13, 1927). WARING, W. G., "Utilization of GaI~anizers Waste," U. S. Patent 1,780,323 (November 4, 1930). of Refining WARING,W. G., AND G. HULL, "PIOCBSSBS Zinciferons Material." U. S. Patent 1,879,834 (September 27, 1932). (79) WARING,W. G., "Purification of Zinc-Lead Fume," Canada Patent 236,654 (December 25, 1923). (80) WARING,W. G., The Tyrone Daily Herald, Tyrone, Penn. sylvania, December 8, 1896-January 6, 1899. (81) WARING,W. G., The Violinist, Chicago, p. 227 (1918). (82) WARING,W. G., ibid., p. 89 (1920). (83) "Who Was Who in America," Special Library ed., A..'h Marquis Co., Chicago, 1943, Vol. I, p. 372. (84) . . WILLIAMS.B.. Wehh Citv. .. Missouri. Private Communieation, ~ a r e d1, 1948. (85) "Chemical Science," New York Warld, August 3, 1874, p. I, col. 6, contd. p. 2, cols. 1 4 ; and "Chemical Congress" August 1, 1874, p. 2, cols. 1-2.
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