3. A New F o r m of Absorption Bottle for Use with Either Calcium Chloride or Soda Lime i n Organic Combustion. H. 1.FISCHER. 4. Spectrophotometric S t u d y of Copper Complexes a n d Biuret Reaction. P. A . KOBERA N D A . B. HAW. 5 . T h e Constitution of t h e Three Nitro-a-carbopyrrolic Acids. W.J. HALE. 6. T h e Oxidation of Ethyl Alcohol w i t h Alkaline Potassium Permanganate. U'. L. E V A NASN D J . E. DAY. 7. The Oxidation of Certain Lactates with Potassium Per, A. DAVISA N D P. COTTRINGER. m a n g a n a t e . W.L. E V A N SP. 8. T h e Condensation Products of Menthone F o r m e d by t h e Action of A l u m i n i u m Chloride. G . B. F R A N K P O R T E R .AND -4. L. A-EWMAN. 9. The Polymers of
Pinene. G B. FRANKFcmTEn A N D C. J. FRANKFORTER. 10. T h e Electron Conception of Valence. A Laboratory Search for Electromers. 0. K.Amr. 11. T h e H o f m a n Rearrangement of ( N ) Alkyl Anilines. C. G. DERICKA N D J. \V. HOWARD. 12. The Synthesis of 1-Phen-3-phenoxy-propaneby t h e Grignard Reaction. C . G . DERICK.AND L. 0. POTTERF. 13. T h e Isomeric Tetracbtates of Xylose a n d Observations Regarding t h e Acetates of Melibiose, Threhalose a n d Sucrose. C. S. HUDSON .AND J. M. JOHNSON. 14. T h e Preparation of Melibiose. C . S . HUDSON.ZND T. S. HARDING. 1 5 . A Second Crystalline d-Fructose Pentacetate (a-d-Fructose Pentacetate). C. S. H r : ~ s o a,450 D. H. BRAUNS. 16. Bromoacetylxylose a n d Beta Triacetylmethylxyloside. J. K. DALE. 1 7 . Undissociated Organic Acid i n t h e Role of a Catalytic Agent. I. C. BIDDLE. 18. T h e Isomerism of 1,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxynaphthalene.A. S. WHEELER ASD V. C . EDWARDS 19. T h e Bromination of 1,4,6,6-Tetrahydroxynaphthalene.A. S. WHEELER A N D T. C. EDWARDS. 20. Simple a n d Mixed Alkyl Phosphates. W. A. DRUSHEL. 21. T h e Preparation a n d Properties of Hydracrylic Esters. W. A . DRUSHEL A N D W. H , T. HOLDEX. 22. T h e Synthesis of Glycocoll a n d Diethyl Carbonate. W. A. DRUSHEL A X D D. R . KNAPP. 23. F u r t h e r Studies u p o n t h e Resene of P i n u s Heterophylla. CHAS.H. HERTYA N D 1'. A. COULTER. 24. T h e Occurrence of Inosite-triphosphoric Acid in Cottonseed Meal. J. B. RATHER. 25. Balys Theory of Chemical Reactions. \V. 31. DE". 26. S t u d y of t h e C o m m o n Bean. W.M. DE". 27. A Case of Steric Hindrance in Enzymes. I\' M. I)EHN. 28. Colorimetric Studies of Picrate Solutions. W.?VI. DE". 29. Certain Noninterchangeable Radicals. W.M. DE".
3. T h e Stabilizing Influence of Hydrogen Sul5de o n Colloidal Metallic Sulfide Solutions. S. W. YOUNG. 4. T h e Interpolation of t h e Equilibria Curves i n Systems of t h e Higher Alcohols, Water, a n d Salts. G. B. F R A N K F O R T E R A S D S T E R L I N ( i TEXPLE. 5. Equilibria in Systems of Ketones, Water, a n d Salts with a Method for t h e Determination of Methyl Alcohol i n t h e Presence of Acetone. G. B. FRANKFORTER A N D LILLIAN COHES. 6. T h e Influence of Dissolved Substances o n t h e Velocity of crystallization of Under-cooled Water. JAMES H. WALTON, J R . , ANI) A. C. BRANN. 7 . T h e Partition Coefficients of Hydrogen Peroxide between Water a n d Certain Organic Solvents. JAMES H. WALTON,Jn., A N I , H. -4.LEWIS. 8. T h e Preparation of P u r e I r o n a n d I r o n Carbon Alloys. J R. CAIN,E. SCHRAMM A N D H. E. CLEAVES. 9. The Oxides of Iron. I. Solid Solution i n t h e System FezOsFelOs:. ROBERT B. SOSMAN A N D J. C. HOSTETTER. 10. T h e Water Correction in Conductivity Determinations. J A M E S KEXDALL. 11. Conductance Data a n d Empirical Equations. STUART1. BATES. 12. A Quantitative Measure of t h e Deviation f r o m t h e Law of Mass Action. STUARTJ. BATES. 13. I o n Concentration a n d t h e Law of Mass Action. STu.An?( J. BATES. 14. T h e Calorimetric Determination of Ferrous a n d Ferric Iron. 0. I,. BARNEBEY. 15. Differential Iodimetry. I. T h e Titration of Periodates, Iodates, Bromates, a n d Chlorates i n t h e Presence of Each Other . BARNEBEY. a n d i n t h e Presence of Perchlorates. 0. I 16. Molecular Weights by a n Evaporation Method. :Preliminary Report.) H. L. TRUMBULL.
WATER, SEWAGE AND SANITATION DIVISION
EDWARD BARTOW, Chairman
H. P. CORSON, Stvvelau?,
1. T h e Seattle Water Supply. J O H N WEINZIRL. 2. T h e Composition a n d Properties of Activated
Sludge.
EDWARD BARTOW AND m '. D. HATPIELD.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS SEVENTH SEMI-ANNUAL MEETING LOS ANGELES AND SAN FRANCISCO AUGUST 18 AND 2 5 - 2 8 , 1915
The Eastern delegation to the meeting of the .%merican Institute of Chemical Engineers left Xew York August 6th z~iaPennsylvania R.R., the first stop being made a t Colorado A. P.SY, Secretavr F. R . ELDRGD. Ckaivmiiii Springs, where the interesting rock formations in the Garden :, T h e Alkaloidal Content of Hyoscyamus Grown i n Minnesota. of the Gods were visited and Pike's Peak ascended. The E. L. SERCOXB. Cripple Creek mining district was visited, the trip being made 2. Some Notes o n Sandalwood, I t s Assay, Yield of Oil, a n d Changes i n t h e Oil d u r i n g Distillation. C. H. BRIGGS. by the Cripple Creek Short Line, the beautiful Canyon scenery 3. Iso-Pulegol Phosphonic Acid. F. D. DODGE. being particularly enjoyable 4. Note o n t h e Use of t h e White Mouse a s a Test Animal for A day was spent a t the Grand Canyon of the Colorado whert Determining t h e Toxic Coefficients of Various Drugs. J. H. BEAL, C . G. X~ACARTHUR A N D E. A. DOISY. some of the party studied the geology of the Canyon during the 5. Color S t a n d a r d s a n d Colorimetric Assays. H: V. ARNY. trip, on mule back, to the Colorado River by the Bright Angel 6. Electrolytic Determination of Mercury in Mercury Oleate. Trail. Others enjoyed the magnificent views to he obtained l3. L . MURRAY. from the rim. 7. Electrolytic Determination of B i s m u t h i n B i s m u t h Betan a p h t h o l . B. I.. XIURRAY. The trip through the desert being made a t night, no hot 8. Electrolytic Determination of Mercury i n Mercury weather was experienced, the party arriving a t San Diego August Salicylates. B. L. ~ I U R R A Y . 13th. Two days were spent in visiting the San Diego Fair 9. Hardness, Weight a n d Thickness of Medicinal Tablets. A . D. THORBURN. and inspecting the beautiful harbor of this charming southern 10. T h e R a t e of Evaporation of Ether i n Oil-Ether Anesthesia. California city. PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY DIVISION
CHAS.BASKERVILLE. 11. T h e Identification of t h e Emodin Containing Drugs. GEO. D. BEALA N D RUTHE. OKEY. 12. Some New Laboratory Methods. ALBERT SCHSEIDER.
LOS BXGELES
Three days were then spent in Los Angeles where the party was entertained by the local committee of the Institute, consisting of Llessrs. Edgar Baruch and D. B. W. Alexander, assisted by members of the Southern California Section of the G. A. HULETT, Chatrmn?t R. C. \TELLS.Secretary American Chemical Society of which Mr. Baruch is Chair1. Anodic Relations of Passive Iron. H. G. BYERSA N D SETHC . man, and Mr, Henry L. Payne, Secretary. For the various LANGDON. .?. Electrolytic Endosmose. Rimy CLIFTA X D GEORGE GLOCKLER. automobile trips which had been arranged for the entertainment PHYSICAL AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY DIVISION
8Q2
T B E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y
of the visitors, cars were provided by Messrs. E. Baruch, N. M . Hill, R. B. Peters, H. J. Reese, M. P. Waite, Mark Walker and F. C. Winter. On Monday, August 16th, a 120 mile automobile trip was taken. Redondo Beach was first visited where the oil-fired power station of the Pacific Light and Power Company was ^inspected. It contains reciprocating sets of 15,ooo kw. and turbine sets of 24,000 kw. Salt water was used for the condensers, the kelp being removed by means of screens. The kelp was examined with interest in view of the possibility of utilizing it as a commercial source of potash. After luncheon at the Huntington Beach Hotel, the beet sugar plant was visited under the guidance of Mr.. Jos. Varra and the chief chemist, Mr. A. C. Horn. The return trip t o Los Angeles was made via Santa Ana and Orange through extensive walnut and fruit orchards. The evening was spent seeing the Mission Play a t Alhambra. This was of special interest on account of its vivid presentation of the early exploration and settlement of California by the Spanish Missionaries and their very successful work in Christianizing the Indians. Several of the Missions still standing between San Diego and San Francisco were visited with great interest during t h a t portion of the trip. On Tuesday the party took the trip to the Catalina Island, seeing flying fish, a whale, and the marine gardens through the glass bottom boats. On Wednesday the party was taken by automobiles t o t h e Fullerton oil fields where the methods in use for drilling oil wells were shown and also the freezing out of gasoline from the natural gas. A very volatile oil obtained in this manner was shown. The refrigerating agent used was the gas itself: the extreme cold produced was illustrated by the production of a snowball of solid gasoline which, when placed on the ground and ignited, burned with’ a long flame for a considerable time. The process was described by Mr. A. Yost, superintendent of the Brea Canyon Oil Company, and Mr. W . A. Culp, superintendent of the Pacific Gasoline Company. The informal lunch of watermelons and figs was very much enjoyed. In the afternoon the electrolytic plant at Santa Monica for the purification of sewage was inspected. At this plant 500,000 gallons of sewage are treated. The current used was 440 amperes and 2 . 5 volts. The sewage flows through a n open flume containing iron plates, the time required being 35 seconds. Before the electrolytic treatment, the sewage passes through a receiving tank of zz,ooo gallons capacity. MEETING WITH SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SECTION A . C. S.
On Wednesday evening a well attended joint meeting was held with the Southern California Section of the American Chemical Society preceded by a dinner a t the University Club. Mr. Baruch presided at the meeting. He first introduccd the Secretary, Dr. J. C. Olsen, who read a letter from the President, Dr. Geo. D. Rosengarten, expressing his regret at being absent on account of sickness in his family. Professor J. M. Stillman of Leland Stanford University, Vice-president of the Institute, who had come especially from Palo Alto to Los Angelfs t o welcome the Institute to California, also made a few remarks. The first paper, presented by Mr. W. C. Hanna of the California Portland Cement Company at Riverside, described the Fleming dust collecting system which is successfully used a t that plant for collecting any dust and preventing damage t o the surrounding orange groves. Briefly, the installation consists of normal rotary kilns using dry process and oil for fuel. The draft for the kilns and driers is produced by fans sucking a t the ends of separate flues. Instead of discharging gases into the atmosphere, the same exhauster fan blows the dust and fumes into a large “dry dust settling chamber,” the velocity of the gases being reduced about 90 t o 95 per cent, resulting in a large amount of dust being deposited. The extremely fine dust which does
Vol. 7 , No.
IO
not settle, and the gases, then go t o the “wet washing chambers,” where the gases are forced up and down seyeral times while following a serpentine course through a system of seven baffle chambers, and the last of the original so-called cement dust is captured by sprays of water which are in each chamber. These sprays of water also bring into solution much of the gases, lime and alkalies. In connection with both the dry and the wet chambers there are means provided for the removal of the captured dust t o the cement kilns. Secretary J. C. Olsen read a paper on “A New Electrolytic Method of Sewage Disposal.” This process is in operation a t Elmhurst, New York City, and has proved very successful. The process includes electrolyzation with iron electrodes in a closed box, thorough agitation and precipitation with lime. A very pure, stable effluent is produced. On Thursday the large beet sugar factory of the American Beet Sugar Company a t Oxnard was visited. The entire day was spent in this factory, which produces about 10,000 bags of sugar daily. Great interest was shown in the operation of the Steffen process by which the sugar is extracted from the molasses and especially in the effortsbeing made to recover the very large amount of potash in the waste liquors from this process. Small amounts of this potash were being recovered and utilized. The immense and unique high-grade kieselguhr deposits a t Polnoc were also visited by some of the party. Sight-seeing auto rides at Santa Barbara and Del Monte were found very enjpyable. S A N FRANCISCO
The meeting at San Francisco was opened on Monday morning a t the Civic Center Auditorium. Professor J . M. Stillman, of Stanford University presided in the absence of President Geo. D . Rosengarten, of Philadelphia. The reports of the officers of the Institute showed a satisfactory increase in membership and a substantial surplus in the treasury with all bills paid. An amendment t o the Constitution permitting the re-election of a President for one term of one year was favorably acted upon. An invitation to,hold the winter meeting in December in Baltimore was presented and referred to the Committee on Meetings. A paper on “The Improvement of High Boiling Petroleum Oils and the Manufacture of Gasoline as a By-product therefrom by the Action of Aluminum Chloride” was presented by A. M. McAfee of the Gulf Refining Co. at Port Arthur, Texas. By the use of aluminum chloride as a catalytic agent, the amount of gasoline obtained .from petroleum was increased from 15 to 40 per cent. Typical samples of crude oil from various districts were refined by the new process with satisfactory results. Methods for the recovery of the aluminum chloride were described. Samples of the crude oils and the products obtained were shown. Dr. Arthur I,. Lachman gave a very complete description of the methods of handling grapes and the manufacture of wine in California, This industry is carried on with great advantage in California because on account of the very favorable climatic conditions the second fermentation necessary in other localities is obviated. On Wednesday afternoon the party were taken by autos to Protrero where the manufacture of illuminating gas from petroleum oil was explained by Mr. Edw. C. Jones and the plant visited under his guidance. This process has been developed to a point where all but a very small percentage of the carbon of the oil is converted into gas in a single operation. This result was obtained by the practical application of physical chemical principles t o manufacturing processes. The simplicity, ease and accuracy of control of the process as well as the cleanliness of the entire plant Were very much admired.
Oct., 1 9 1 j
T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D L J S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y
On Thursday the sessions were held a t the University of California a t Berkeley where the members were welcomed by Professor Edmund O’Neill. At the morning session a paper on “Costs as Applied to Professional Businesses” was presented by Ralph A. Gould, of San Francisco. Careful records of a n experience of several years showed that the overhead charges of a carefully managed business of this kind cannot be much less than 35 per cent. A paper on “Resources and Possibilities of Chemical Industry in the Southwest” was presented by Edgar Baruch, of Los Angeles. I n this paper the possibilities of developing the kelp industry and the Searles Lake deposit were discussed and the opinion expressed t h a t when the technical problems involved have been worked out these industries will be a success. The large amount of water power available presents opportunities for electrolytic industries. After luncheon a t the Faculty Club the laboratories and grounds of the Vniversity were visited as well as the famous Greek Theatre. On Thursday evening a t Waites Restaurant a typical California dinner was served. With his characteristic good humor and geniality, Professor Stillman acted as Toastmaster. The Secretary responded to the toast “Our Absent President Rosengarten,” and explained the unfortunate combination of circumstances which prevented the President and other members of the Institute from attending the meeting, the chief cause being the unsettled and active condition of chemical manufacture produced by the war. Mr. A. 11. McAfee, in responding for the Southern States, related how he was compelled to use his bathing suit in order to leave the flooded districts of Texas and reach the meeting. Dr Samuel P. Sadtler, as the first President of the Institute, congratulated the California members on the progress made in chemical industry on the Pacific Coast and the cordial hospitality extended to the Eastern members. Others who responded were Professor O’Neill and Professor James R. Withrow. The meeting on Friday was held a t the Stanford University a t Palo Alto. Professor S. W. Young in a paper on “The Present State of the Thiogen Industry” showed how the essential conditions for the absorption of sulfur fumes by means of lime or alkaline earth hydroxides has been worked out and the possibility of economically recovering the sulfur demonstrated. The cost of recovering the sulfur was stated as $7.00 per ton. Professor J. P. hlitchell presented a paper on “The Injury to Vegetation by Sulfur Fumes” in which he showed that the sulfur is absorbed by the vegetable tissues, the amount found varying with the exposure t o the fumes. A determination of the amount of sulfur present gives a measure of the injury done, which finally results in the death of the plant. Walter A. Schmidt presented a paper on “The Electrical Precipitation Method” in which he described a number of recent installations of the Cottrell process which successfully precipitated fumes differing widely in character and chemical content. Professor Edward Bartow read a paper on “The Purification of Sewage by Aeration in the Presence of Activated Sludge.” A high state of purity and stability of the effluent from this process is obtained while the sludge contains about 6 per cent of nitrogen as well as phosphates and was shown by pot experiments to have a high fertilizing value. After taking luncheon as the guests of Professor and Mrs. Stillman, the members and their guests inspected the laboratories and beautiful grounds and buildings of the Stanford University. On Saturday the vineyard and wineries a t Winehaven were visited.
893
THE RETURN TRIP
After visiting the Fair and other points of interest in San Francisco, the party proceeded to Portland where one day was spent and thence to Seattle, where the meeting of the American Chemical Society was attended for two days. On Thursday, September 2nd, the party proceeded to Butte, Montana, where, on Saturday morning, one of the numerous mines in this district was visited and the party descended to the 2 0 0 0 - f t . level. The methods employed in running shafts, blocking out ore, blasting, firing and hoisting were inspected with great interest. The installation for pumping the water from the mine was also examined as well as the extraction of the copper from this water by means of scrap iron. At the surface the air compressors and hoisting machinery were examined, the latter with great interest on account of the use of compressed air in the engines which operated the hoist. During the afternoon the Concentrator of the Timber Butte Milling Company was visited under the guidance of Professor Theo Simons, Professor of Mining Engineering a t the Montana State School of Mines. The ore carries zinc and lead in sphalerite and galena; copper in various sulfide ores. The ore is crushed in Farrel jaw breakers, then further reduced in Garfield rolling mills and finally powdered t o pass zoo mesh in ball mills. The concentration is carried out on Wilfley and James tables which produce a lead-iron concentrate, a copper-iron concentrate, a copper-iron-zinc concentrate and tailings. The final separation is made by the oil flotation process, sulfuric acid and oil being added t o the finely powdered ore suspended in warm water; after violent agitation, the sulfide minerals rise to the surface and are skimmed off by revolving paddles. The gangue which settles to the bottom is re-treated several times to remove the last trace of the ore. Treatment costs have averaged between $2.00 and $2.25 per ton of ore passed through the mill. This covers all expense except interest on investment and depreciation. About 96 per cent of the zinc is extracted and about 92.6 per cent of the sulfide contents of the original ore. A complete description of this very efficient concentrator, by Professor Theo. Simons, will be found in the Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers. The laboratories of the Montana State School of Mines were visited under the guidance of Professors Bowman and Simons. Great interest was shown ,in the very excellent installations of mining machinery where ore in ton lots could be crushed and concentrated, and smelting operations carried out so as t o obtain information as t o the commercial value of the ores. The museum of ores and minerals which had been collected from the local mines was also greatly admired. The smelter a t Anaconda was also visited under the guidance of I,. V. Bender, Superintendent, and Professor C. H. Bowman, of the Montana State School of Mining. The concentration of the ore a t this plant is carried out by a process very similar to t h a t used at the Butte Concentrator. Coarse and fine concentrates are reduced in blast furnaces and also in open hearth furnaces, 300 t o 325 tons of copper per 24 hours being produced a t this plant. A portion of the smelter fumes is converted into sulfuric acid in a large chamber plant recently erected. A large portion of this acid is used t o recover the copper from tailings which were discarded several years ago but which contain 0.6 per cent copper: after roasting, the copper is leached out by means of sulfuric acid until o o g per cent copper remains: the copper in the sulfuric acid solution is precipitated by means of scrap iron. After visiting Yellowstone National Park the party proceeded East by rail, or, t o Duluth and then by Anchor Line through the great Lakes. JOHN C. OLSEN, Secretary
