I/EC
REPORTS
BRINE PURIFIES BRINES:
Figure 3.
Double effect cell
Figure 4 . Enlarged cross-section of honeycomb cell, double effect, showing ion flow
N e w selection of catalyst supports by Carborundum Seventeen compositions . . . three degrees of porosity . . . symmetrical or poly-surface pellets . . . there are over two dozen types of catalyst supports made by Carborundum. These m a k e u p the greatest variety of catalyst supports in the field. 16 big vials, each containing over 8 0 cc. of representative samples, plus complete product literature, all packed in an attractive durable storage case can be had for $ 1 5 . Send order to Refractories Division, T h e Carborundum Company, Perth Amboy, N . J., Dept. Y-87.
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For further information, circle number 32 A on Readers' Service Card, page 191 A
32 A
INDUSTRIAL A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
is isolated from the outside supply, would double the driving force to purify P. I n large scale water treatment, increasing the driving force increases efficiency in demineralizing. Also, a desired degree of demineralization at a given o u t p u t is achieved with less m e m b r a n e area t h a n would be used in the single-effect cell. Since the major cost of purification depends on the a m o u n t of m e m b r a n e area, the multiple-effect cells are expected to give a more economical product. I n treating brackish water, reduced m e m b r a n e area is practical. However, to demineralize sea water with its higher salt content, three or four effects would be needed even with unlimited m e m b r a n e area. Cell Designs
T h e osmionic process is a d a p t a b l e to continuous flow operation a n d to stagewise operation of single-effect cells. Stagewise operation of single effects provides increased operating efficiencies, as d o the multiple-effect designs. Large cells could be m a d e {Continued on page 34 A)
