VOL.9. NO. 3
605
RECENT BOOKS
t o all problems are given in three significant figures, without the use of a decimal point. Thus the student is forced t o make the essential mental calculations. Chapters include Units. Atomic and Molecular Weights, Gas Laws, Weight and Volume Relationship. Normal Solutions, and Balancing Equations. A splendid chapter on "Graphical Representation" covers concepts too often neglected in general chemistry, an understanding of which is essential in advanced courses. Explanations are interestingly written, with excellent examples solved by logical methods. Fallowing these are problems for the student, 308 in all. Written in a clear style, the book can be used as a companion t o any text an general chemistry or as an elementary text in a chemical arithmetic course. I t will be extremely valuable to the student, whether used in the classroom or for outside study, since it represents a self-teaching text. E. G. VANDEN BOSCHE UNZYBRVTY on MARYLAND B A L T r o a s , Mn.
Industrial Chemical Calculations. 0 . A. HOUGEN,Ph.D., Assadate Professor of Chemical Engineering, and K. M. WATSON, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering, University of Wisconsin. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York City, 1931. vii f 502 pp. 89 Figs. 15 X 23 cm. $4.50. The purpose of this book is "the application of physico-chemicsl principles and It is data t o problems of industry!' not a chemical engineering text, since i t does not deal with those concepts of the flow and measurement of fluids and heat and the design and use of equipment for carrying out unit operations. The book covers quite thoroughly all of the important principles of physics and physical chemistry which are now used in industry. Stoichiometrical relations, the kinetic molecular theory as applied t o gases, liquids, and solids, thermophysics, thermochemistry, weight and heat balances, and equilibria are among the topics dis-
cussed. The treatment is fuller than is possible in general texts of physics and physical chemistry. Each principle is made quite clear by illustrative problems which are worked out in detail. At the end of each chapter are a number of problems to be solved. All problems are based on actual industrid practice. The illustrations are mainly in the form of clear and usable graphs. Some twentyfive tables of very discriminatingly chosen data are given. The book can be used with considerable success by any one who has had the fundamentals of physics, but is much more valuable t o those who have also had a thorough college course in physical chemistry. As a college text i t should be used hy classes who have completed physical chemistry, and is equally valuable t o chemists and chemical engineers. Probably many courses which have waited for the appearance of such a book as this will he developed. The book has now a much broader field than that of a college teat. A great many chemists, chemical engineers, and even engineers in other fields who have had little chemical trainimg, will welcome i t as a guide in their work, which will enable them to solve the Mmplex problems of industry systematically and scientifically. W. T. READ RUTDBRS UNIVBBSITY Nsw EaUNsmCK. N. J.
MISCELLANEOUS PWLICATIONS notes on Blowpipe Analysis. NICHOLAS KNIGHT,Professor of Chemistry, COTnell College, Mount Vernon, Iowa. 13th edition. Published by Cornell College, 1932. 19 pp. 13 X 15.5cm. Women in Industry. MARYELIZABETH PIDGEON.U. S. Dept. Interior, Bulletin of the Women's Bureau, No. 91. U. S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D. C 1931. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Wash79 pp. 15 X 23 ington, D. C.) vii cm. $0.15.
.
+
GOD
JOURNAI, O F CHEMICAL EDUCATION
Prepared in response to repeated requests for material arranged for group study on gainfully employed women, this bulletin presents in concise and simple form the filldings of the Women's Bureau gathered during 11 years' research on the conditions and problems of working women. We believe that this material will be of considerable help to teachers who arc dealing with such subjects in connection with civics and economics courses.
Biennial Surrey of Education in the United States, 1928-30. Chapter 111. Secondary Education. CARL A. JESSEN, Sppeialist in Secondary ~ d ~ ", S, Dept, Interior, =4letin, 1931, N,,. 20. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1931. (For sale by
the
cm
Superintendent of Documents, D- C.) 23 PP. l5 23 $11.10.
Lists eight forerunners of cancer of digestive tract. Eight conditions of injury or de~enerationwhich occur in the digestive tract before the development of cancer were listed by Prof. Matthew J. Stewart of the University of Leeds in a series of lectures delivered before the Royal College of Physicians in London and reported in the Lancet, British medical publication. "At the present time it is probably true t o say t h a t the most hopeful side of cancer research is that concerned with the demonstration of local causative factors, and the recognition and prevention of precancerous lesions of one kind or another," Prof. Stewart declared a t the beginning of his first lecture. "Unfortunately it is t o the more superficial farms of malignant disease, a very small fraction of the whole, that this principally applies." Conditions of the digestive tract that may develop into cancer are not so definitely known as precancerous conditions elsewherein the body, Prof. Stewart pointed out, nor are the opportunities so good for preventing cancer of the digestive tract. In one year there were 56,896 deaths from caster in England and Wales. according to the official figures he quoted. Of these, over half in men and nearly half in women were referable to the digestive tract. Prof. Stewart divided the chief precancerous conditions into three groups. The first consisted of chronic inflammatory conditions, such as sores due to burns and chcmical caustics; cirrhosis of the liver; certain diseased conditions of the gall bladder; chronic stomach ulcer; chronic inflammation of the stomach; chronic duodenal ulcer; and three conditions less well known to the layman, diverticulitis, hemochromatosis, and leoecoplakia. The second group consisted of simple tumors which may be forerunners of cancer. The third group conr;isted of sores or injuries due t o animal parasites -Science Sem'ce Speeding electmns make large molecules form. By shwting high-speed electroninto vapors of various organic substances, some new substances with larger moleculrthan the original ones have been formed a t the University of Toronto by Prof. J. C. McLennan and Dr. W. L. Patrick. Grain alcohol, methyl alcohol, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone, simple organic substances, were used in these experiments. Gareous hydrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide were formed by the later decomposition of the yellow complex compounds formed under the direct action of the rays. The initial clumping process, called "condensation" by chemists, is expected to assist in solving new problems of the structure of chemical compounds. Similar complex substances have already been formed by exposing organic vapors to the bomhardment of radium gamma rays.-Science Service
~
~
~
i
~
~
,
