(14) Sittampalam, G. S.; Wilson, G. S. Trends Anal. Chem. 1984,3,96-99. (15) Sportsman, J. R.; Liddil, J. D.; Wilson, G. S. Anal. Chem. 1983,55, 771-75. (16) de Alwis, W. U.; Wilson, G. S., submitted for publication in Anal. Chem. (17) Rosenthal, A. F.; Vargas, M. G.; Klass, C. S. Clin. Chem. 1976,22,1899. (18) Eggers, H. M.; Halsall, H. B.; Heineman, W. R. Clin. Chem. 1982,28, 1848-51. (19) Wright, D. S.; Halsall, H. B.; Heineman, W. R. 1984 Abstracts, The Pittsburgh Conference, No. 533. (20) Ngo, T. T.; Bovaird, J. H.; Lenhoff, H. M. Appl. Biochem. Biotech. 1985,11, 63-70. (21) Wehmeyer, K. R.; Halsall, H. B.; Heineman, W. R. Clin. Chem. 1982,28, 1968-72. (22) Weber, S. G.; Purdy, W. C. Anal. Lett. 1979 12 1-9. (23) Breyér, B.; Radcliff, F. J. Nature 1951,167,79. (24) Breyer, B.; Radcliff, F. J. Austral. J. Exp. Biol. 1953,31,167-72. (25) Schneider, H.; Sehon, A. H. Trans. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1961,24,15-22. (26) Heineman, W. R.; Anderson, C. W.; Halsall, H. B. Science 1979,204,865-66. (27) Steinhardt, J.; Reynolds, J. A. "Multiple Equilibria in Proteins"; Academic Press: New York, N.Y., 1969; p. 58. (28) Alam, Ι. Α.; Christian, G. D. Anal. Lett. 1982,15,1449-56. (29) Alam, Ι. Α.; Christian, G. D. Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. 1984,318, 33-36. (30) Alam, Ι. Α.; Christian, G. D. Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. 1985,320, 281-84. (31) Ikariyama, Y.; Kunoh, H.; Aizawa, M. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1985, 128 987—92 (32) Doyle, M. J.; Halsall, H. B.; Heine
electrodes, stripping voltammetry, and the analytical chemistry of tech netium radiopharmaceuticals.
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William R. Heineman received his B.S. degree from Texas Tech Univer sity in 1964 and his Ph.D. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1968. He joined the faculty at the University of Cincin nati in 1972, where he is now profes sor and chairman of the Analytical Division. Heineman's research inter ests include thin-layer spectroelectrochemistry, extended X-ray absorp tion fine structure (EXAFS) spectroelectrochemistry, electrochemical immunoassay, polymer-modified
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KRATOS HPLC APPLICATION LAB
Brian Halsall received a B.Sc. in 1964 and a Ph.D. in chemistry in 1967 from the University of Birmingham, En gland. Following postdoctoral work in physical biochemistry at UCLA with Verne Schumaker, he joined the Mo lecular Anatomy Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. In 1974, he moved to the Chemistry Depart ment at the University of Cincinnati, where he is now associate professor and chairman of the Biochemistry Di vision. In addition to immunological methods development, his major re search interests include structurefunction relationships in, and inter actions of, glycoproteins and proteins.
HIGH SPEED COUNTERCURREHT CHROMATOGRAPHY with The Ito Multi-layer Coil Separator-Extractor
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Unique Capabilities
Advantages of High Speed CCC
Because there are no solid supports, this technique has the following ad vantages: 1) No sample loss 2) Excellent reproducibility 31 Ultrapure fractions 4) No tailing of peaks 5) Very crude samples and radio-isotopes can be used without risk of contamina tion.
Compared with other countercurrent chro matographic techniques High-Speed CCC has these advantages: 1) Shorter separation times (1-2 hrs.) 2) Higher efficiencies 3) Better resolution 4) Small physical size ( i Γ ' χ ΐ 6 " χ 2 4 " ) 5) Easily interchangeable columns 6) Only two junctions (Inlet & outlet) for the column provide a leak-free system.
Uses of Ho Multi-layer Coil CCC
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a) Preparative samples ranging from micro grams to grams b) Extraction of active substance from crude extracts and biological fluids c) Enrichment and Stripping of minute amounts of chemicals in large amounts of water d) Separation of Radioisotopes e) Cleaning up of crude samples for QC or LC application
Applications The basic method has been used for: a) Various Plant Hormones: Auxines, Giberellins b) Cytokinins and Abscissic Acids c) DNP Amino Acids d) Natural and Synthetic Peptides e) Xanthones f) Purines and Pyrimidines g) Tannins h) Mycotoxins i) Prostaglandins and Steroids 11 Organic Dyes k) Antibiotics I) Anti-tumor agents
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