rocesses IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING This is our seventh annual review of current developments in chemical engineering Unit Processes. The sections on Combustion and on Ammonolysis are omitted this year, and significant developments in Isomerization were not considered sufficient to warrant a review. We hope that all these will appear again in 1955. FriedelCrafts Reactions and the review of Hydration and Hydrolysis are presented again after a year’s absence,
THE EDlTORS Earthenware Jars for Hydrolysis of Cellulose Esters
COURTESY TENNESSEE EASTMAN CORP
1785
R. NORRIS SHREVE, professor of chemical engineering at Purdue University since 1930, i s a graduate o f Harvard University. H e i s director o f the FormosaPurdue Engineering Project, and has been chairman o f the Divisions o f M e dicinal and Industrial and Engineering Chemistry of the American Chemical Society and o f the Unit Process Symposia since 1937. In 1 9 5 3 Shreve received the Scroll of H o n o r from the Division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry for his work with Unit Processes and Chemical Processes.
AMINATION BY REDUCTION 1800
JESSE WERNER (born in N e w York City i n 1916) received his Ph.D. from Columbia University i n 1938. H e i s director o f commercial development, General A n i l i n e & Film Corp., N e w York, N. Y. Werner i s o n the Board of Editors OF Chemical Formulary, a contributor to Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, and a member of ACS, AIChE, AAAS, AATCC, CCDA, CMRA, IRI, Amer. O r d . Assoc., NAM Res. Comm., Assoc. Res. Dir., N. Y. A c a d . Sci., Pi M u Epsilon, Phi Lambda Upsilon, and Sigma Xi.
ESTER I F I CAT1ON
Z 801
FER M ENT A T ION 1809
E. EMMET REID is professor emeritus at The Johns Hopkins University where he received his Ph.D. in 1898. H e has been interested in esterification since 1909 and was the first to make dibutyl phthalate for w e as a plasticizer. In 1947 he was awarded the H e r t y M e d a l for his contributions t o research and chemical engineering in the South. Reid i s a consultant to the D u Pont Co., Hercules Powder Co., Thiokol Corp., and the Chemical Corps.
DAVID PERLMAN
was born in Madison, Wis.,in 1920. Heattended the University of Wisconsin where he received his Ph.D. i n 1945. Since 1947 Perlman has been a member of the staff of the Squibb Institute for M e d i c a l Research. H e i s a member of the American Chemical Society, the Society of American Bacteriologists, and the Society for General Microbiology; his publications include papers i n the field of microbiological physiology and biochemistry.
CHARLES L. KROLL
was born in Boston, Mass., i n 1923.
H e received his
B.E. from Yale University i n 1944 and, after engineering service in the Navy, attended MIT where he received his M.S. (1949) and Sc.D. (1951) degrees. At present h e i s in charge of the engineering section o f the microbiological p i l o t plant at the Squibb Institute for M e d i c a l Researchj previously he was associated with Celanese and D u Pont. Kroll is a member of the American Chemical Society, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, and Sigma Xi.
FRI EDEL-CRAFTS REACTIONS 1827
HAROLD T. LACEY, research associate, research division, American Cyanamid Co., was born in Binghamton, N. Y., in 1897. H e received his Ph.D. from Cornell University in 1926. His interests include synthetic organic chemistry, intermediates, and organic pigments. H e is a member of the American Chemical Society, Gamma Alpha, and Sigma Xi and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement o f Science and of the American Institute o f Chemists.
1786
HALOGENATION I835
EARL T. McBEE, head of the chemistry department at Purdue University, received his Ph.D. from Purdue in 1936. The M o d e r n Pioneer A w a r d for original investigationsin the chlorination of hydrocarbons and the Sigma Xi Award for Fluorination contributions are among his honors. In September 1 9 5 3 he was appointed Chairman of the Advisory Board of the U. S. Naval Powder Factory. H e i s a member of the ACS, Sigma Xi, Phi Lambda Upsilon, AIChE, and AAAS.
OGDEN R. PIERCE (born in Ft. Wayne, Ind., 1921) attended Lawrence College and received a B.S. degree in chemistry in 1 9 4 3 and Ph.D. in 1 9 4 7 from Purdue University. Until 1 9 5 3 he was a member of the Purdue faculty, engaged in research i n the field of organic fluorine-containing compounds. In 1953, he joined the research staff of the D o w Corning Corp. Pierce i s a member of the American Chemical Society, Phi Lambda Upsilon, Sigma Xi, and Phi Kappa Tau.
HYDRATION AND HYDROLYSIS 1841
HYDROGENATION AND H Y D ROGENOLYSIS 1846
NITRATION 1861
OX I DATION 1863
WILLIAM F. HAMNER (born in Pharr, Tex., 1922) was graduated from Centenary College in 1943, served in the U. S. N a v y (1 944-46), and received his M.A. (1947) and Ph.D. (1950) from the University of Texas. H e was assistant professor of physical chemistry at the University of Alabama (1949-51) and now is a group leader at Monsanto, Texas City. Hamner i s coauthor o f the hydrolysis chapter in “Unit Processes in Organic Synthesis” and i s a member of the ACS, Sigma Xi, Phi Lambda Upsilon, and Sigma Pi Sigma.
W. M. KEELY, group leader in the research department of The Girdler Co., received an M.A. degree from Indiana University in 1946, and a Ph.D. degree in physical chemistry from the University of Kentucky in 1949. Since 1949 he has been with the catalyst research and development staff of Girdler. H e has worked o n the development of catalysts for selective hydrogenation, hydrogenation of oils and fats, and other reactions. Keely i s a member of the American Chemical Society, Phi Lambda Upsilon, and Sigma Xi.
WILLARD deC. CRATER was born in Succasunna, N. J., in 1894. H e attended bafayette College and since 1917 has been employed b y the Hercules Powder Co. where his work has been primarily on nitration. H e is the author of many patents covering nitration processes, explosive compounds, and smokeless powder, and has been a consultant o n the design and rnaintenance of nitration equipment. Crater i s a member of the American O r d nance Association.
L. F. MAREK, vice president of Arthur D. Little, Inc., Cambridge, Mass., graduated from the University of Texas and received his M.S. from M.I.T. H e is coauthor of the American Chemical Society Monograph, “Catalytic Oxidation o f Organic Compounds in the Vapor Phase”; i s author of the chapter o n oxidation in “Unit Processes in Organic Synthesis”; and the chapter on oxidation in the 12th Report of the Committee on Catalysis of the National Research Council.
1787
POLYMER IZ A T l O N
d 870
HERBERT F. WIEGANDT, associate professor in the School OF Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering at Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y . , was barn in Newaygo, Mich., in 1919. H e received his Ph,D. degree From Purdue University i n 1941. His interests also include petroleum refining, petroleum chemicals, and the unit operation of extraction and crystallization. Wiegandt i s a member of the American Chemical Society and the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. ~ A 6. THOWE, ~ associate ~ professor O in the ~School of ~Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering a t Cornell University, was born i n Herkimer, N. Y., in 4 941. H e received h i s B.S. From Ranssalaer Polytechnic Institute in 1941, served in the N a v y during W o r l d War [I, and received his M.S. from Cornell i n 1949. We was eosociated with Monsanto Chemical Co. until 1949. Thorpe i s a member of the American Chemical Society, the American Society for Metals, the American Foundrymen's Society, and Sigma Xi.
PYROLYSIS OF COAL AND SHALE 1884
PYROLYTIC AND C LY C -.A.T ..A..T . .I D ECOM POS IT ION OF HYDROCARBONS
1888
CHARLES H. PWBEN i s head of the chemistry and chemical engineering division of the Denver Research Institute and associate professor of chaiiical engineering at the University of Denver. H a attended Purdue University where he received his Ph.D. degree i n 1948. Prien has pubiished papers on the teaching OF unit processes and has done research on o i l shaie; he i s a registered engineer of the State of Colorado and a member of the ACS, AIChE, ASEE, Sigma Xi, and Phi Lambda Upsilon.
MELVIN J. STERBA
received his B.S. from the University of Wisconsin in 1932. In 1935 he joined the engineering research department of Universa! Oil Products Co. and engaged in correlating laboratory, pilot plant, and commercial data on thermal and catalytic cracking, reforming, and hydroforming. For the past 2 years he has been head o f the engineering research and development department. H e i s a member of the American Chemical Society and the American Institute of Chemical Engineers.
VLADlMlR HAENSEL
received his B.S. from Northwestern University in 1935, his M.S. from M.I.T., and his Ph.D. in 1941 from Northwestern where he helped to set u p the Ipatieff H i g h Pressure Laboratory. In August 1945, he was appointed coordinator o f the Cracking Research Division of Universal Oil Products Co. after serving as a member of the Technical Oil Mission to Germany for the Petroleum Administration for War. H e is a member of the American Chemical Society.
SULFONATION AND §U L F A T ION
1895
E.
EVERETT GILBERT (born i n Ithaca, N. Y., in 1914) received his A.B. and Ph.D. degrees from Yale University in 1935 and 1938, respectively. Since 1944 he has been supervisor of organic research for the General Chemical Division of A l l i e d Chemical and D y e Corp. Gilbert has several patents in the field of organic sulfur chemistry and has devoted special attention ta development of improved sulfonation techniques. H e i s a member of the American Chemical Society, Phi Beta Kappa, and Sigma Xi. E. PAUL JONES (born in Philadelphia, Pa., 1912) received his A.0. in chemistry from Temple University in 1934. We received his B.S. in library science from Drexsl Institute in 1936 and his M.S. from Columbia University i n 1948. A f t e r working in the libraries of Temple university and the mineral industries department of Pennsylvania State College, he joined the General Chemical Division OF A l l i e d Chemical and D y e Corp. a5 a literature searcher in 1942. Jones i s a member of the Speciai Libraries Associa!ion.
