ATTENTION?!! NEW PRODUCT PLANNERS: NEW USES FOUND FOR UNIQUE PROPERTIES OF METALLIC OXIDE PIGMENTS You ordinarily think of metallic oxide pigments being used to produce coloring agents, catalysts, polishing agents and mag netic materials. Today, however, new pro duct planners and production engineers are finding that uses for the unique physical and chemical properties of metallic oxides are surprisingly far afield from traditional usages. Below is a review of their characteristics. Look them over. You may get the germ of an idea which will lead you to the improve ment of existing products, or to the reduc tion of new product manufacturing costs. Should an application suggest itself . . . let us know. We'll be glad to cooperate with you in exploring the possibilities. Address Department 2, C. K. Williams & Co., 640 N. 13th St., Easton, Pennsylvania. PROPERTIES
CHARACTERISTICS
Pure Red Iron Oxides
Fe^Os-99.5% SpG.-5.15 Color—Salmon to purplish red
Pure Yellow Iron Oxides
Fe20 3 H 2 0-99% SpG.-4.03 Color—Lemon to dark orange
Pure Black Iron Oxides
FeaOi-96% min. SpG.-4.96 Color—Blue Black
Pure Chromium Oxides (and Hydrates)
Cr203-99% SpG.-5.20 Color—Light to dark green
Natural Oxides—Ochers, Umbers, Siennas, Metal lic Browns, Red Oxides
Wide range of ferric oxide content and red, yellow and brown colors
Venetian Reds
FeaOa-40% SpG.-3.45 Color—Light to medium red
Cuprous Oxide
CuaO-97% min.
Extenders—Barytes, Calcium Carbonate, Calcium Sulfate, Silica
Wide range
C. K. WILLIAMS & CO. E. St. Louis, III. Easton, Penna. Emeryville, Calif.
Composition: The basic col ors of the iron and chro mium oxides are determined by chemical c o m p o s i t i o n . Reds are ferric oxide (Fe2O.i); yellows, hydrated ferric oxide (FeaOa.HnO); blacks, ferro-ferric oxide (FesOO; and greens, chromic oxide (Cra Ο»)· All these compounds are chemically stable and light permanent. Particle Shape: Physical properties such as oil ab sorption and suspension characteristics are depend ent on particle shape, con t r o l l e d by m a n u f a c t u r i n g processes. Size: Color range is con t r o l l e d by p a r t i c l e s i z e average size increases as color darkens. Uniformity of size determines brightness. Purity: Freedom from im purities is essential for su perior pigment properties and to prevent deleterious effects in end-products. Con trol of soluble salts, man ganese and copper content are an important part of the Williams' manufacturing op eration.
I/EC
REPORTS
and if it is too hard, it will damage expensive floor coverings. With the introduction of the new fall styles, a heel lift that eliminates these problems made its appearance. Called Silent Step, the new lifts are made of an unusually tough urethane rubber developed by D u Pont. Adiprene will often outwear the soles of shoes on which the lifts are used. It eliminates the "feather ing" problem—the spreading that causes lifts to snag stockings, or become caught, loosened, and lost. Because of its resiliency, the Adi prene lift cushions and softens the striking power of ladies wearing stiletto heels—a 112-pound woman can exert the equivalent of 3000 to 4000 p.s.i. through her heel. In addition to preventing gouging and puncturing of floor coverings, the cushioning action has a comfort feature, too, since the lifts act as shock absorbers on hard surfaces. Adiprene urethane rubber, which combines toughness and resilience with load-carrying ability and abra sion resistance, was commercially introduced last year by Du Pont. As the fall season rolled around, some thirty ladies' shoe manufac turers were using the material in their heel lifts.
Heart Helping Halocarbon ΓΛ.
WELCOME TRANSFUSION to open-
heart surgery technique has come about with a piece of equipment m a d e from a versatile construction material, Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing's Kel-F plastic. Utilization of the material is in the filtering apparatus employed in the combination heart-lung facsimile ma chine used in a great number of delicate cardiac operations. Glass and other materials had been used previously in this type of work, but several shortcomings m a d e the operation much too complex because of cold sterilization, siliconing, warp ing, fracturing, etc. Transparency is a must in the filtering system, be cause the filtering operation must be observed in order to keep a constant check on air bubbles which can cause (Continued on page 36 A)
WILLIAMS COLORS
P^mmJlJ Itch/weuM attt&but "
&
PIGMENTS
Circle No. 7 on Readers' Service Card
34 A
INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
Circle No. 52 on Readers' Service Card
Problem:
To cut cost of conveying, storing and blending flour
I/EC
REPORTS A N D
air-embolism in the patient. T h e filtration is actually done with a 60-mesh stainless steel screen, held together by the Kel-F disks containing a specially treated "window" of Kel-F. Major advantages of this type of construction are its resistance to thermal shock and its ability to withstand high-temperature steam
INTERPRETS
autoclaving in conventional hospital sterilizing equipment. Fracturing, softening, and warping of the 3-M product are nonexistent even after hundreds of sterilizations. Dr. Alvin A. Bakst of New York, who dreamed u p the idea for this filter, has performed many successful open-heart operations calling for the tedious outside heart-lung equipment.
Space Cocoons for Orbiting Astronauts Proposed satellite life jacket—formed of foamed resin during free fall—could permit re-entry to atmosphere
Solution: SPROUT-WALDRON
PNEU-FLO® SYSTEM With just one man on each shift, the C. F. Mueller Company unloads, blends and distributes 125,000,000 lbs. of flour a year at its six-story plant in Jersey City. SproutWaldron's bulk handling and Pneu-Flo positive pressure system recently i n s t a l l e d has saved more than 25,000 square feet of floor space, reduced handling costs by $150,000 per year, freed more than $40,000 worth of equipment, simplified close check weighing of incoming raw materials, increased safety and reduced housekeeping and maintenance. The system unloads and conveys to storage a minimum of one carload of flour in four hours; provides maximum diversity of storage ; sizes all incoming material at a rate equal to or greater than the unloading rate ; transfers the material at rates of 30,000 lbs. per hour. The full story of this reliable pneumatic handling system is told in Bulletin 1-57. Copies are available on request. CW/105
SPROUT-WALDRON Muncy, Pennsylvania Size Reduction · Size Classification · Mixing Bulk Materials Handling · Pelleting Circle No. 53 on Readers' Service Card 36 A
Space man "spins" plastic foam cocoon for fast, safe return from ailing space ship. Vehicle protects him from heat of re-entry
^ • N E of many types of emergencies which space pioneers may face in the next few years is a fast return to earth from a disabled manned satellite. A plastic-foam "cocoon," visualized by research engineers at General Electric's Missile and Space Vehicle Dept., in Philadelphia, could be an answer to the problem of getting back to terra firma in a hurry. Foamed of polyurethanes (or improved modifications) during free fall, the cocoon would protect the spaceman from heat of atmospheric friction during re-entry and then cushion him against the moderate shock of a parachute landing. After this, the h u m a n meteorite would
INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
peel out of his covering and await rescuers guided to him by automatic radio beacon. T h e simplest type of cocoon system is a satellite life jacket known as the M O O S E (Man O u t of Space Easiest). Here, the astronaut—in a space suit with attendant oxygen supply, recovery aids, a n d survival gear—dons (or is already wearing) a very loose plastic bag. Straps or cords assure his proper position inside his placental pouch. T o this he attaches tanks containing foaming plastic and mixer. T o deorbit, he takes a retrorocket package, visually orients himself to earth, and measures the altitude a n d {Continued on page 38 A)
