FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT...
JjNDSAY
BOO KS
Machine Translation— Fraud or . . . ? Computers and Common Sense. The Myth
of
MORTIMER
RARE EARTH
Machines. vii
4-
136
pages. Columbia University Press, New York 27, N.Y. 1961. $3.75. Reviewed by DeWitt O. Myatt.
&
Mr. Myatt is president of Science Com munication, Inc., Washington, D.C.,
YTTRIUM METALS
and formerly editor of INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY.
• For metallurgical, electronic, semi conductor and research uses, for direct additions of rare earth metals to alloy systems, and for applications requiring metals as starting materials for exotic rare earth compound synthesis, check with us for your needs. • The individ ual rare earth metals are still being made on a laboratory scale, and we must admit that pricing of small lots is still relatively high. However, this should not discourage research on ap plications where large amounts of rare earth or yttrium metal would be used. • Except for some of the truly rare rare earths (europium, terbium, thulium and lutetium, for example) considerable re ductions in cost are possible when production is scaled up and if purity tolerances can be relaxed. • Research can start with pure materials-and fu ture development can be done with rare earth metal preparations tailored to your particular needs. • Consult us for more information. Write for Lindsay technical data bulletins on rare earth and yttrium metals.
[INDSAY RARE EARTH AND Y T T R I U M ΚίΡΤΓΑΤΛ are products of
American Potash & Chemical Corporation MARKET DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
99 PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK 16, N.Y. 3000 WEST SIXTH ST., LOS ANGELES 54, CALIF.
68
Thinking TAUBE.
C&EN
APRIL
2 3,
196 2
Taube's book is certain to inspire shrieks of wicked glee from mathe matically inarticulate disciples of the linguistic arts—and bumbling roars of frustration from those who have dared to present analytic constructions in volving language translation by ma chines. It also deserves thoughtful evaluation as a prototype-illustration of a proposed new tool of science—the formal technical criticism of a scien tific field. Our author stands like Hector before the very gates of Troy, fired with the resolve to deny the validation of Sci ence to the main body of work existing on the mechanical translation of lan guage. And, to go strictly by the tell ing, few escape his sharp sword. With only an occasional supporting thrust (principally moral support) in the form of quotations from the Von Neu manns, Whiteheads, and other gods of semantics, science, and philosophy, he effortlessly snicks off all three pri mary presumptions of Warren Weaver's 1949 memorandum "Trans lation," which he says started the whole "scientific aberration/' BarHillel and Chomsky, two current lead ers in the field, apparently are irresisti ble targets from every new vantage point assumed in successive chapters of this short book. Except for the reader who is a specialist in machine translation, to name here all who are nicked, pruned, or purged contributes little. Taube contends that the mechanism of human communication through language is not subject to formalistic treatment. He challenges the logic of specialists who assign labels to seman tic terms and communication elements, and then proceed to manipulate them with the laws of mathematics and ab
stract logic. In particular, he says the label definitions are fundamentally in adequate. And worst, he charges that many of the machine translation re searchers are near-illiterates in the fields of linguistics and philosophy. But is the volume a balanced au thoritative review, or a tract advanc ing one specific—and limited—point of view? Taube presents his case with impressive documentation, persuasive ness, and such literate fluency that the book is a joy to read. But its after effects left this reviewer with the urge to creep into the Greek camp and hear how the battle was being reported over there. Doubtless the opportunity will not be denied us. This reaction also suggests that, much as the world of science (es pecially for fields documented princi pally in government reports, as is the case for machine translations) needs more and better judge-evaluators, the formal critical review by a single au thor may not be an adequate instru ment. Particularly when the very un derpinnings of a considerable technical effort are questioned, the forum hall appears more suitable than the critic's chair. Maybe someone, perhaps the Ford Foundation, could be persuaded to give Caltech money for such a sym posium, which might conceivably be titled Is Machine Translation a Fraud? The book is highly recommended. For Trojan and Greek it is a call to arms. For armchair Olympian it is a most readable and instructive de scription of an important contempo rary technical endeavor.
NEW BOOKS American Adhesive Index. E. PATRICK MCGUIRE. 150 pages. Padric Publish ing Co., Box 1004, Mountainside, N.J. 1962. $6.75. Concerned primarily with the division and classification of American adhesives, examines the physical forms of adhesive materials, the methods by which they are applied, and bonding methods com monly employed. Animal Hormones: A Comparative Sur vey. Part I. Kinetic and Metabolic Hormones.
P. M. JENKIN.
xv + 310
pages. Pergamon Press, 122 East 55th St., New York 22, N.Y. 1962. $7.50. Introduction to sources and actions of vascular hormones in invertebrates, com pared with those in vertebrates.
Aspects of the Origin of Life. M. FLORKIN, editor, viii -f 199 pages. Pergamon Press, Inc., 122 East 55th St., New York 22, N.Y. 1960. $5.00. Articles selected from t h e symposium on the Origin of Life on the Earth held in Moscow and sponsored by U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences. Atomic Spectra. H. G. KUHN. xvi -f 436 pages. Academic Press, Inc., I l l Fifth Ave., New York 3, N.Y. 1962. $13. Describes the main facts of atomic spectra from infrared to x-rays, and pro vides interpretation by means of BohrSommerfield's theory and quantum me chanics. The Chemistry and Technology of Leather. Vol. 3. Process Control of Leather Quality. ACS Monograph No. 134. F R E D O ' F L A H E R T Y , W I L L I A M T. RODDY, ROBERT M. LOLLAR, editors,
ix + 518 pages. Reinhold Publishing Corp., 430 Park Ave., New York 22, N.Y. 1962. $15. Covers the role of finishing operations in establishing the utility of leather and de scribes the finishing procedures for var ious types of leather. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quan titative Biology. Vol. XXVI. Cellular Regulatory Mechanisms. LEONORA FRISCH, editor. χ ν -f 408 pages. Long Island Biological Association, Cold Spring Harbor, L.I., N.Y. 1961. Institutions and booksellers, $12; in dividuals, $8.00. Symposium held June 1961. Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry. Vol. 1C. Classical Analysis. CECIL L. W I L S O N , DAVID W. W I L S O N , editors,
xxx -f 728 pages. D . Van Nostrand Co., Inc., 120 Alexander St., Prince ton, N.J. 1962. $24. Concise German-English Chemical Dic tionary. RICHARD ERNST, INGEBORC ERNST VON MORGENSTERN, editors.
727 pages. Thomas Y. Crowell Co.. 432 Park Ave. South, New York 16, N.Y. 1962. $7.95. Includes chemical engineering and funda mentals of allied sciences; 45,000 defi nitions. Direct Analysis of Diffraction by Matter. R. H O S E M A N N , S. N. BAGCIII.
xxi
+
734 pages. Interscience Division, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 440 Park Ave. South, New York 16. N.Y. 1962. $21.75. Describes analysis of diffraction of crystals, liquid, and amorphous sub stances (or gases) with the help of Fourier- and convolution-integrals but without taking recourse to methods of trial and error. Distillation. cedures.
Principles and Design Pro RORERT
J. . HENGSTEBECK.
xiv -+- 365 pages. Reinhold Publishing Corp., 430 Park Ave., New York 22, N.Y. 1961. $11.50. Written from the viewpoint of the prac ticing engineer. Dynamic
Work
C L E M E N T S ZINCK.
Simplification. xii -f
237
W. pages.
Reinhold Publishing Corp., 430 Park Ave., New York 22, N.Y. 1962. $7.95. Shows how foremen can learn to apply basic method improvement techniques, utilizing alert observation, research with written records, and purposeful thought.
S H H H ! METALLURGY IS "BORROWING" THE MASS SPEC FROM PHYS CHEM This could happen at your laboratory. Bendix makes the time-of-flight mass spectrometer to do a multitude of research and analytical jobs. It's compact, easy to move, a breeze to maintain, and about as versatile as the user's imagination. Five basic inlet systems help to make this versatility possible: the molecular leak inlet, the fast reaction inlet, the hot filament inlet, the Knudsen cell, and the vapor phase chromatograph. To be more specific, the Bendix® mass spec will do almost any routine analytical problem, plus all of the following: Monitoring chromatograph output Determination of vapor pressures Determination of heats of vaporization Free radical studies Solids analysis Thermal decomposition Shock tube research Appearance potential measurements Fast reaction studies
Photoionization studies Molecular structure studies Photochemical reaction studies Negative ion analysis Pilot plant studies Combustion analysis Plasma jet analysis Rocket jet analysis Ion-molecule reactions
Here's versatility that makes a mass spec really pay off. Isn't this what you want in your lab? Write Dept. R-4 at 3130 Wasson Road, Cincinnati 8, Ohio.
Cincinnati Division
^&entff?f
Continued on page 100 APRIL
2 3, 1 9 6 2 C & E N
69
(Situations Wanted, Continued) CHEMICAL ENGINEER-FOOD TECHNOLogy : Ph.D. 42, industrial, teaching, administra tive, documentation experience, especially in food technology, perfect German, excellent French, reads Spanish. Desires association with univer sity, college, research or consulting organization. Box 322-J-4, C. & Ε. Ν., Easton, Pa. CHEMIST, ANALYTICAL: B.S., DIVERSIfied experience since 1950. Soaps, waxes, polishes, inks, paper, fibers, petroleum products, platings, metals, hydrides. Some instrumentation, super vision. Résumé, New York City-lower Westchester only. Box 312-J-3, C. & Ε. Ν., Easton, Pa. LIBRARIAN: RESPONSIBLE EXPERIence in industrial chemistry library; prior exper ience in chemical field. M.S. in library science from Columbia University; B.A. in biology and in chemistry. German and French. To organize and/or maintain science library in industry. New York metropolitan area. Box 305-H-4, C. & E. N„ Easton, Pa. POLYMER RESEARCH: Ph.D. CHEMIST. Ten years experience in research and development of vinyls, acrylics and condensation polymers (polyurethanes, polyamides, polyesters). Synthe sis and evaluation of coatings, adhesives, foams, films, fibers. Supervisory experience, publica tions, patents. Box 311-H-4. C. & Ε. Ν., Easton, Pa. TECHNICAL D I R E C T O R : 41, M.A. CHEMEngr. Food-Flavor-Water-Nuclear. Process de velopment, plant design and operation. Project and personnel organization. U.S. earnings $15,000-120,000. Lived Latin America; knows Span ish, Portugese and Russian. Consulting U.S. and Europe; publications. Box 315-H-4, C. & Ε. Ν., Easton, Pa. ACADEMIC: Ph.D., POLYMER, RADIAtion and organic chemistry. Box 328-H-4, C. & E. N„ Easton, Pa. TECHNICAL MANAGER-MATERIAL S c i ences. Age 40. Ph.D. physical chemistry. Pa pers and patents in super-refractories, high-tem perature chemistry and electrochemistry, metal lurgy and nuclear chemistry. Experience in the application of these disciplines to modern solidstate problems, in program and budget planning, cast analysis, and in pilot plant design and engi neering. Seeking relocation with stable and ag gressive organization in management of research or development activities. Box 329-H-4, C & Ε. Ν., Easton, Pa. R&D PROJECT LEADER/MANAGER: polyolefins expert; bench-scale, pilot plants, com mercialization; long range planning; joint ven tures. Publications. Box 304-J-4, C. & Ε. Ν., Easton, Pa. C H E M I S T : B.S. ELEVEN YEARS DIVERsified experience industrial and application engi neering. Self starter. Marketing minded. De sires responsible position in technical service, market development, application engineering. Age 39. Single. No geographical limitations. Box 305-J-4. C. & E. N., Easton, Pa. CHEMICAL E N G I N E E R : B.S.Ch.E. AGE 40. Married. 19 years diversified experience in chemical process design, economic studies, pilot plant development, numerous plant start-ups, and process improvement; production supervisor. Seeks responsible permanent position in Eastern, Middle Atlantic or mid-West U.S. Box 312-.T-4, C. & Ε. Ν., Easton, Pa.
. SITUATIONS WANTED (Student Affiliates) STUDENT CHEMISTRY MAJOR: WISHES summer job, preferably New York City area. Box 19, 4201 Henry Ave., Phila. Pa.
SITUATIONS WANTED (Nonmembers) CHEMICAL SALESMAN SELLING ORganic chemical products to wide range of con sumer product and industrial manufacturers. Ex cellent customer relationships. Good knowledge costs, marketing, promotion and formulation. Box 600-L-4, C. & E. N „ Easton, Pa.
MISCELLANEOUS Advertising of Classifications N o t I n c l u d e d in Directories on Preceding Pages
PUBLICATIONS — SALE, WANTED SPECIALISTS IN SETS, BACK FILES, chemical scientific, technical journals. Get our quotations before you buy or sell. Canner's Inc., Boston 20, Massachusetts 100
C&EN
APRIL
2 3,
1962
12V2% DISCOUNT ON TECHNICAL BOOKS. Pic-a-Book, Box 4561, Washington 17, P . C . CHEM. ABST. 1945-1960, UNB. AT $575. Analytical Chem. v. 1-31, unb. at $130. Amer. Chem. Soc. Jl. 1920-1960, unb. at $225. Chem. Soc. of London. Jl. 1901-1960. Mostly bound. Price upon request. G. H. Arrow Co., 4th & Brown Sts., Phila. 23, Pa. WANTED TO PURCHASE: COMPLETE sets, short runs and single volumes of scientific periodicals—in all languages. Walter J. Johnson, Inc., I l l Fifth Avenue, New York 3, New York. BACK ISSUES OF NEARLY ALL VOLunies of ACS journals are available promptly from the American Chemical Society. Write for quotations on volumes and sets. Special Issues Sales Department, ACS, 1155-16th St., N.W., Washington 6, P . C . TRANSLATIONS TRANSLATIONS: FROM GERMAN AND Italian. Technical and scientific. Expert. Box 901-L-4, C. & E. N „ Easton, Pa.
SERVICES
MOVING? SEND FOR BOOKLET Β
I I • • ' | • Ë
A free, 16-page booklet prepared by • Burnham Van Service, Inc. can give you I helpful, work-saving, cost saving pointers * on now to organize your move from city to I city when you change jobs. How to * prepare to move, tips on packing, a help- I lui inventory checklist of things to do are ' among the topics included. Write for I your free copy. No obligation. * Mira Patxicia'Flynn J Burnham V a n Service I 1634 Second A v e n u e • Columbus, Georgia —
NEW BOOKS Continued from page 69 Electrical Breakdown of Insulating Liquids. J. Α. Κοκ. xii -f- 132 pages. Interscience Division, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 440 Park Ave. South, NewYork 16, N.Y. 1962. $6.00. Said to b e of equal interest to electrical engineers, physicists, and colloid chem ists. Energy and Hydrocarbons in 1960. Sur vey accompanying Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi's Annual Report and State ment of Accounts at 30th April 1961. 221 pages. Societa Grafica Romana, Via Ignazio Pettinengo, 39, Rome, Italy, 1961. Free.
Food Plant Sanitation. MILTON E. PARKER, J O H N H. LITCHFIELD, ν -{401 pages. Reinhold Publishing Corp., 430 Park Ave., N e w York 22, N.Y. 1962. $12. Covers newest technical advances in food plant sanitation a n d latest sanita tion requirements arising from recent amendments to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. Class Reinforced Plastics. 3rd. ed. P H I L L I P MORGAN, editor, xvi + 340 pages. Interscience Division, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 440 Park Ave. South, New York 16, N.Y. 1962. $9.50. Much enlarged and thoroughly revised, with chapters added on dough molding compounds, glass reinforced sheeting, and pressure vessels and filament wind ing. Gmelins Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie. 8 Auflage. Calcium. Part B, Section 3. System No. 28. lxii + 912 pages. Verlag Chemie, G.m.b.H., Weinheim/Bergstrasse, Germany. 1961. $142. Gmelins Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie. 8 Auflage. Cobalt. Sup plement volume. Part A. System No. 58. lxxii + 886 pages. Verlag Chemie G.m.b.H., Weinheim/Berg strasse, Germany. 1961. $1.39. Gmelins Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie. 8 Auflage. Copper. Part B, Section 2. System No. 60. xli -f 352 pages. Verlag Chemie G.m.b.H., Weinh eim/Bergstrasse, Germany. 1961. $58. High-Temperature Plastics. WALTER BRENNER, DOREY L U M , M A L C O L M W . RILEY, ix -f 231 pages. Reinhold Publishing Corp., 430 Park Ave., New York 22, N.Y. 1962. $7.95. A Laboratory Manual of Analytical Meth ods of Protein Chemistry (Including Polypeptides). Vol. 1. The Separa tion and Isolation of Proteins. P. ALEXANDER, R. J. BLOCK, editors, viii + 254 pages. Pergamon Press, Inc., 122 East 55th St., N e w York 22, N.Y. 1960. $8.50. Provides instructions on how to carry out analyses of proteins, in great detail. Manual of Practical Micro and General Procedures in Clinical Chemistry. SAMUEL M E I T E S , W I L L A R D R. FAULK NER, xvi -f- 354 pages. Charles C Thomas, 301-327 East Lawrence Ave., Springfield, 111. 1962. $11.50. Describes about 90 quantitative and qualitative procedures.
Experimental Thermochemistry. Vol. 2. H. A. SKINNER, editor, xix -f 457 pages. Interscience Division, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 440 Park Ave. South, N e w York 16, N.Y. 1962. $14.50. Prepared under I UP AC auspices by the Subcommission on Experimental Thermo chemistry.
Methods of Biochemical Analysis. Vol. 9. DAVID GLICK, editor, ix + 452 pages. Interscience Division, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 440 Park Ave. South, New York 16, N.Y. 1962. $14.50. Series forms a collection of authoritative methods, procedures, and techniques for determination and assaying of biologically important substances and systems.
Fluorescence Assay in Biology and Medi cine. SIDNEY UDENFRIEND. Χ - j - 505 pages. Academic Press, Inc., I l l Fifth Ave., N e w York 3, N.Y. 1962. $14. Said to b e practical guide for both novice and expert. Includes detailed presenta tions of procedures and presents wide range of potential applications of t h e method.
The Molecular Control of Cellular Ac tivity. JOHN M. A L L E N , editor, vii + 328 pages. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 330 West 42nd St., New York 36, N.Y. 1962. $10.50. Based on series of lectures held in Ann Arbor in spring of 1960 u n d e r auspices of University of Michigan's Institute of Science and Technology.
