NEW
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EQUIPMENT APPARATUS INSTRUMENTS
N e w Chromatography Instruments Feature Versatility Increased interest in vapor phase chromatography is evident in the development of four new, improved versions of this type of apparatus, as announced by Burrell Corp., Consolidated Electrodynamics Corp., Hallikainen Instruments, and Perkin-Elmer Corp. All the new models feature versatility in handling a wide variety of gases and liquids, as well as speed, accuracy, and simplicity of operation. Burrell's K-3 Kromo-Tog is a more compact, lower-priced model of their previous chromatography instruments, and m a y be bench- or panel-mounted anywhere in the laboratory. T h e comp a n y recommends the basic unit for routine analyses of compounds, although accessories are available for analyzing complex mixtures. M e t a l columns of various lengths m a y be used, temperatures of cell and columns are independently controlled, and t h e finest detector cell is used for maximum sensitivity, according to the manufacturer. Among the applications of the apparatus are separation of closely boiling gas and liquid isomers (boiling points u p to 300° C ) , determination of trace components, analysis of fractions from organic distillations, and routine analysis for a control component. According to Consolidated Electro-
Burrell's K-3 76 A
dynamics Corp., their new instrument (Type 26-201) is capable of handling a broad range of problems because of its wide temperature range (boiling points up to 325° C ) , and ability to use microsamples. T h e apparatus utilizes the elution method and consists of control and analyzer units. The control unit contains the power input and distribution system, carrier gas flow controlling system, and detector circuit controls, while the analyzer unit contains the sample introduction system, ehromato-
Hallikainen's Chromagraph
Consolidated's 2 6 - 2 0 1
graphic column, thermostatted heating system, and detector. T h e instrument is designed to allow for expansion of the system as future analytical changes require. T h e Hallikainen-Shell Chromagraph, designed b y Shell Development Co. and manufactured b y Hallikainen Instruments, is a mobile unit for analyzing gases, liquid gases, and liquids b y adsorption, b y gas-liquid partition techniques, or combinations thereof. According to the company, the instrument, with self-contained refrigeration unit, permits separation of isomers a t temperatures down to zero ° C. and analysis of materials with boiling points approaching 400° C. Among other features are a highly sensitive, high-speed recorder; continuous integration; two plug-in column panels, which contain thermal conductivity cell detectors; vacuum p u m p ; and precise flow control. Hallikainen reports successful application of their Chromagraph to the analy-
sis of full-range cracked gas, other saturated or aromatic compounds, oxygenated and halogenated compounds, various alcohols and aldehydes, and light aliphatic acids and esters. T h e new model Vapor Fractometer announced b y Perkin-Elmer (Model 154-B) is said to permit fast analysis of gases and liquids boiling u p t o 300° C. a t operating temperatures u p to 225° C , 75 degrees higher t h a n the operating
Perkin-Elmer's 1 5 4 - B
ANALYTICAL
CHEMISTRY
t e m p e r a t u r e of t h e company's previous model. T h e new i n s t r u m e n t features a wider range of a t t e n u a t i o n for trace a n alysis a n d a fine zero adjustment. A re cently developed precision liquid sam pling system is available a s a n accessory item. T h e high operating t e m p e r a t u r e range, a t t r i b u t e d b y Perkin-Elmer to a redesign of t h e h e a t e r elements a n d d e tector unit, permits analysis of esters, cresols, phenols, xylols, chlorinated aromatics, a n d t h e higher alcohols. Different thermistor beads, capable of registering high temperatures, have been added to t h e detector. T h e new instru m e n t also incorporates a sample frac tion collecting three-way solenoid valve, switch-operated on t h e control panel to allow collection a n d separation of indi vidual fractions a s they emerge from t h e instrument. 1,2, 3 , 4
New Versatile Incubators A new line of all-metal, electricallyheated incubators is announced b y Cen tral Scientific Co. for use in incubation, drying, embedding, sterilization a n d other laboratory and industrial applica tions. T h e y have a t e m p e r a t u r e range from 37 t o 110° C. with controlled forced air circulation t o m a i n t a i n consistent t e m p e r a t u r e s inside t h e units. A sensitive hydraulic-type t h e r m o s t a t provides precise t e m p e r a t u r e control in t h e chamber. Nickel-chrome strip t y p e heating elements are m o u n t e d between t h e inner and outer walls of t h e incuba tor to promote rapid, constant heating, according t o t h e manufacturer. T h e s e heating elements are sealed off from air in t h e chamber to avoid gaseous explo sions. T h e company says all controls are carefully positioned to eliminate danger of explosion from the control cir cuit for increased safety. A plate glass inner door a t t a c h e d to t h e incubator allows observation of activity within t h e chamber without loss of heat. T h e incubators are available in t w o sizes—No. 46005, with three shelves, has a total area of 376 square inches, a n d No. 46015, four shelves, with 920 square inches. 5
From Gloss to Haze—Simple and Rapid Measurement and Recording Gloss, transmittance, reflectance, color, haze, a n d other spectral values related t o specific geometric conditions of illumination a n d view can now be automatically measured a n d recorded with G a r d n e r L a b o r a t o r y ' s new instru m e n t a t i o n unit. Called t h e G a r d n e r A u t o m a t i c Gloss, Color a n d Reflectance Recorder, t h e u n i t is claimed n o t only t o save time b u t also to provide accuracy a n d reproducibility superior t o t h a t o b tainable with m a n u a l operation.
A modified Varian graphic recorder (Model G-10) serves as t h e basis of the unit, a n d is used in conjunction with a variety of exposure heads including b o t h 2- a n d 3-filter reflectometers, five dif ferent specular gloss heads, a t r a n s m i t tometer, a goniophotometer, a n d a hazemeter. W i t h t h e use of a five-point mul tiple switch stand, a n y n u m b e r of ex posure heads from one to five of t h e same or different types can be connected con secutively t o t h e recorder u n i t a n d several tests can be completed a n d re corded in a m a t t e r of m i n u t e s . W i t h t h e exception of t h e goniopho tometer a n d hazemeter, t h e equipment can be m o u n t e d directly u p o n a moving web or used on a production line for con tinuous recording measurements of full production. All tests are in accordance with A S T M , T A P P I , a n d Federal specifications, a n d readings are repro ducible to within 1.0%, t h e c o m p a n y says. 6
Polyethylene Funnels A new series of rigid funnels molded from linear polyethylene (Nalgene H H ) is designed especially for use with filter paper. Available from t h e Nalge Co., Inc., t h e funnels a r e exact 60° with in t e r n a l ribbing a t 58 ° so t h a t air release is provided for rapid filtration; external ribbing is also provided. T h e funnels m a y b e autoclaved a t 250° F . , t h e com p a n y says. Sizes range from 35 m m . t o 160 m m . diameters with 50 m m . t o 125 m m . stems. 7
Midget Edition Spectra Spectroscopists can now h a v e a large collection of s t a n d a r d infrared spectra a t their fingertips, available to t h e m in Vio t h e time it takes to r u n a spectro gram. T h e Sadtler Research Labora tories a r e introducing a Midget Edition of their s t a n d a r d spectra, using t h e same original spectrograms as t h e Regular Edition, cutting down t h e size, however, from 7 X 18 inches t o 2V2 X 7 inches, with three on a page. Photographic processes preserve all t h e detail of the original charts, yet allow for t h e reduc tion in size a n d elimination of bulk, says Sadtler. I n order to facilitate locating desired spectra, b o t h t h e regular a n d midget editions of t h e spectra are indexed in the following six categories : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
A S T M - I B M Cards Numerical Index Alphabetical Index Empirical Formula Index Chemical Classification I n d e x I n d u s t r i a l Use Index
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ELECDROPODE POLAROGRAPHIC ANALYZER
FOR RAPID, ROUTINE QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSES IN ORGANIC AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
• FAST • PRECISE • EASY TO USE The Fisher Elecdropode is a simple-tooperate instrument capable of detecting minute quantities of ions or radicals and measuring these quantities within precise limits. The Elecdropode operates efficient ly in the range of 0.01 to 0.000001 equiva lent» per liter; less than 10 ml of solution is required, and the sample is not altered during analysis. When necessary—exten sive analyses may be made with as little as 0.005 ml of solution. Get details now about the Fisher Elecdropode and other analytical instruments.
HAVE YOU ANALYTICAL PROBLEMS OF ANY KIND? THIS BULLETIN WILL HELP Y O U Bulletin FS-250 details Fisher apparatus for analy sis by electrodeposition and outlines the applications and advantages of each type. FOR YOUR COPY, WRITE 100 FISHER BLDO., PITTSBUROH 19, PA. Β-9α
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Sadtler Research Midget Edition Spectrogram
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8 N e w High Speed Light Pulsing and Modulating Apparatus
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Light pulses in the microsecond range and modulated light beams at variable frequencies from d.c. throughout the video region are easily obtained with its new model high speed light pulsing and modulation apparatus, says Baird Associates-Atomic Instrument Co. To date, the company reports, the appa ratus has found use in polarimetry, densitometry, photometry, inferometry, and measurement of semiconductorparameters. The light modulator, a crystalline analog of a Kerr cell, is made up of a Ζ cut (001) plate of ammonium (ADP) or potassium (KDP) di-hydrogen phos phate. The crystal plate is placed be tween electrodes which will allow light to pass in the same direction as the ap plied electric field. For normally in cident collimated light, the unit has the properties of a polarization retardation plate, with magnitude of retardation directly proportional to the applied voltage. When the crystal device is placed between polarizers, a light beam can be intensity modulated in accord ance with the voltage applied to fre quencies well beyond the video region. Five models of the light modulator are available to meet a wide range of operat ing requirements, and modulators of special crystal or case dimensions can be supplied. When used with a high voltage puiser the light modulator floats between the plates of two 5C22 thyratron tubes. Initially, this system is at the same potential as the power supply which has charged the high voltage plate con densers. At the beginning of the pulse, one of the 5C22 thyratrons is fired, ANALYTICAL
CHEMISTRY
NEW PRODUCTS bringing one electrode of the light modu lator to ground potential. The pulse is terminated with the firing of the second thyratron, which brings the other end of the crystal to ground potential. Both thyratrons then extinguish, and the charging process begins again. Two models of high speed pulsers are available, both of which incorporate a variable high voltage power supply and a trigger rate generator which is set to ap proximately 20 c.p.s. The two units differ principally in output pulse lengths and rise and decay times. Pulse am plitudes are continuously variable from 2 to δ kv. Special models with different pulse widths or repetition rates can be built on request the company says. 9
Mechanical Scanning Unit A mechanical scanning unit, available from Detectolab, Inc., rotates helical potentiometers for scanning purposes or converts manually operated single chan nel analyzers to automatic. The poten tiometer may be mounted on the rear of the drive shaft, or a sprocket drive chain may be used for attaching to a single channel pulse height analyzer. According to Detectolab, the unit can be set to scan through any 5% or mul tiple of 5% steps of the total energy range at any one of five predetermined speeds, and will either single scan and stop, or reset and scan repetitively. There is a provision for generating a marking signal at every 5% step. Designed primarily for use with a gamma ray spectrum recorder, the scan ner may also be used in the laboratory for automatic plotting of Geiger tube characteristics, the company says. 10
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The new 38th Edition "Handbook of Chemistry and Physics" is just off the press. It is the only complete reference volume of the sciences — chemistry, physics, mathematics — that is continuously revised — annually published! More than 100 pages of new and revised technical information, compiled by our 190 prominent collaborators, have been added to this new volume. Thus, it is an extremely important addition to the bookshelf of every scientist. Write today lor Bulletin AC, a complete descriptive folder on the 38th Edition Handbook.
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Chlorine in Air Detecting Apparatus A new instrument which is capable of detecting concentrations as low as 3 p.p.m. chlorine gas in the atmosphere is announced by Wallace & Tiernan, Inc. The electrically operated apparatus, known as the Solvay Chlorine Detector, monitors a controlled sample of air and gives a warning when chlorine concen tration exceeds 3 p.p.m. The company says this sensitive detector is thereby able to give a warning signal long before the 15-p.p.m. concentration which causes throat irritation. Constructed for either wall or panel mounting, the unit is recommended by the manufacturer for use wherever chlorine gas is used or stored. 11
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Far further information, circle number 79 A-2 on Readers' Service Card, page 73 A
1956
79 A
