RESEARCH R E S U L T S . . . . . . immediately auailabk All papers listed are being considered for publication in I&EC or one of the I&EC Quarterlies. They are available in manuscript form, with the requirement that any reference to their content in a publication must have the author's prior approval. Orders are processed within 24 hours of receipt, with shipment by first class mail. Prices for subscribers and nonsubscribers are listed with each manuscript. Please include uayment with order.
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Washington, D. C. 20036
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SUBSCRIBER
The PVT Behavior of Ethyl Alcohol at Elevated Pressures and Temperatures. Data were obtained at 200' to 3 5 O O C and 1000
to 10,000 psi. For these regions there are almost no previous data. T h e compressibility factor of ethyl alcohol followed normal fluid behavior in the dense gaseous region, as predicted.
Hing Y . L o and Leonard I. Stiel, Syracuse University
Ms. 68-354
Subscribers 82.00 Nonsubscribers 84.00
2Opages (7figures, 7 table)
Epoxides by liquid Phase Oxidotion of Olefins with Molecular Oxygen. Summarizes research-, bench-, and pilot-scale studies of the solution-phase direct oxidation of propylene to propylene oxide. Includes details of direct oxidation of styrene to styrene oxide. Also summarizes ancillary scouting studies of direct oxidation of various olefins.
Dexter B. Sharp, Stanley L. Reid, Virgil W. Gash, and George E. Barker, Monsanto Company, and R. C. Binning, A . J . Blardinelli, Monsanto Research Corporation
Ms. 68-360
Subscribers $3.00 Nonsubscribers $6.00
2 7 p a g e s (gfigures, 6 tables) Maximum
Temperature
Rise
Inside
Catalytic
James C. M . Lee and D a n Luss, University of Houston 10 pages ( 3figures)
0
0
NONSUBSCRIBER
Hydrodynamics of Vertical laminar liquid-Jet. Generalized Correlation for Diameter and Surface Velocity Variation Along the Axis of the Jet. Presents an approximate mathematical
analysis for prediction of jet diameter. T h e analysis leads to a nonlinear differential equation, solved by linearizing and with the help of boundary conditions obtained experimentally.
B. Halder and A . K. M i t r a , Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India Ms. 68-380 2 2 p a g e s (7$gures, I table)
Subscribers 53.00 Aronsubscribers $6.00
The Minimum Critical Velocity for One-Phase Flow of liquids in Tubes. Thecritical one-phase flow of liquids in tubes occurs when the liquid can flash only at the outlet. Minimum velocity at which this flow is stable is predicted theoretically and confirmed experimentally, and is far below normal sonic velocity in either liquid or vapor.
Alfonso Guitierrez and Scott Lynn, University of California
Ms. 68-387
Subscribers $2.00 Nonsubscribers 54.00
7 9 p a g e s (dfigures, 7 table)
Pellets.
Describes a technique for accurate estimation of maximum temperature difference between gas and interior of a catalyst pellet. Method is valid for any arbitrary single chemical reaction occurring in a symmetrical catalyst pellet.
MS.68-376
N. W.
Subscribers $1.00 Nonsubscribers $2-00
Properties of Steady Compressive Flows. Velocity fields for steady compressive and steady elongational flows are compared. Several constitutive equations are used to predict compressional and elongational viscosity. Compressional flows could be used to test constitutive equations and molecular theories.
P. C. W a n k a t , Princeton University Subscribers 8 1.00
MS. 68-382 3 pages
local and Over-all Mass Transfer Rates around Solid Spheres with First Order Homogeneous Chemical Reactions. Presents a
generalized correlation for the effect of first order homogeneous chemical reaction on Sherwood number, covering a wide range of pertinent variables. T h e correlation can be readily used for design purposes. Wu Chi Chen and Robert Pfeffer, City College of the City of New York
Ms. 68-378 28 pages (Qfigures)
Subscribers 83.00 Nonsubscribers $6.00
Effect of Certain Factors on the Radiation-Induced Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate, Effects of hydroquinone, oxygen,
and acetone were studied. Plots of conversion us. absorbed dose are presented for several conditions. Conversions for a given dose were independent of dose rate in the range 1 X lo* to 3.2 X 106 rads per hour.
C. A . Detrick and J . L. Kelly, University of Virginia Ms. 68-379 14pages (5figures, 7 table)
Subscribers $2.00 Nonsubscribers 84.00
Nonsubscribers $2.00
Fibrous Bed Coalescence of Water. 1. Steps in the Coalescence Process. Coalescence phenomena were analyzed on the basis of
approach, attachment, and release of the dispersed liquid. T h e interception process is the only significant means of approach. Surfactants interfere with coalescence during release and/or attachment steps.
R. N . Hazlett, Naval Research Laboratory Ms. 68-383 3 7 p a g e s ('/figures, 2 tables)
Subscribers $4.00 Nonsubscribers $8.00
Fibrous Bed Coalescence of Water. II. Role of a Sulfonate Surfactant in the Coalescence Process. After examination
under a variety of conditions, it is concluded that sodium sulfonate interferes with the release step in coalescence by reducing size of droplets released from the downstream face of the filter.
Robert N. Hazlett, Naval Research Laboratory Ms. 68-384 38 pages (8Jigures)
VOL. 6 0
Subscribers $4.00 Nonsubscribers $8.00
NO. 1 1
NOVEMBER 1 9 6 8
69
RESEARCH RESULTS Finite-Amplifude, Long Waves on Liquid Films Flowing Down a Plane. Presents a theory for predicting wave forms. Measure-
Mass Transfer during Drop Formafion. II. Hydrodynamics of Drop Growth. Proposes a new analog model, and develops
ments of equilibrium wave amplitudes for viscous oils flowing on vertical and inclined columns are reported and correlated as suggested by the theory.
a theory for the hydrodynamics of drop growth based on analogy between Maxwell’s electromagnetic field equations and Euler’s field equations for flow of incompressible ideal fluids.
William B. Krantz and Simon L. Goren, University of CaliJornia
A’. Siskovic and G. Narshimhan, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
Ms. 68-385
27 pages ( 4 j g u r e s )
Subscribers $3.00 A’oonsubscribers $6.00
MS.68-394 20 pages ( 7 jigure)
Subscribers $2.00 ATonsubscribers $4.00
Alkylafion of Biphenyl under Mild Friedel-Craffs Condifions.
Ethylation, isopropylation, sec- and tert-butylation of biphenyl using various catalytic and alkylating agents gave products containing G, m, p , a,$’, m&‘, and pg’-substituted biphenyls in varying ratios, depending only on steric bulk and reactivity of alkylating species involved.
Duane B. Priddy, Dow Chemical Company
Ms. 68-388 7 p a g e s ( 2 3 g u r e s , I table)
Subscribers $1.00 Nowubscribers $2.00
Polymer Deformation and Orientafion. Concerns the manner in which polymeric materials accommodate an imposed stress, and the changes in physical state and properties due to deformation. Includes the related but relatively independent subtopics: elasticity, melt rheology, and orientation of polymers.
J o h n R. Collier, Ohio University
Ms. 68-396 46 pages ( 1 3 j g u r e s , 2 tables)
Subscribers ,$5.00 Nonsubscribers $70.00
Defermination of Rheological Properties of Time-Dependent Fluids for Engineering Design of Flow Sysfems. Presents a
new method for rapid, accurate measurement of yield value of a thixotropic fluid. Technique allows investigators to study influence of a fluid shear history on yield value.
Jerome L. Bauer, Ferro Corporation, and Herbert K . Bruss, 6078 Neu-Isenberg, Germany
Ms. 68-389 7 8 pages ( Q j g u r e s )
Subscribers $2.00 Nonsubscribers 84.00
An Adiabatic Calorimeter for the Study of Exothermic Chemical Reacfions. T h e apparatus was developed and used to study temperature-dependent, exothermic reactions such as polymerization, curing, and thermal decomposition. Construction of the calorimeter is described, and examples of applications are discussed.
E d w i n L. Allen, Rohm and Haas Company
M S . 68-390 2 0 p a g e s ( S j g u r e s , I table)
Subscribers $2.00 Konsubscribers $4.00
Equilibrium Composifian with Mulfiple Reacfions. Series reactor method is proposed for calculating heterogeneou3 or homogeneous equilibrium composition, whereby multiple reactions are reduced to a series of individual reactions occurring separately. Major advantages are simplicity, guarantee of convergence, and suitability for hand or computer calculation.
H. P. Meissner, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, C. L. Kusik, Arthur D . Little, Inc., and I% H. Dalzell, Massachusetts Institute sf Technology Ms. 6 8 - 3 9 7
2 4 p a g e s ( 6 tables)
Subscribers $3.00 h’onsubscribers 86.00
Eiecfrosfalic Precipitator Analysis. Space charge precipitators are compared with conventional designs. Equations have been derived for one size particle but apply to systems of any particle-size distribution if space charge owing to particles is small. Several precipitator models are shown and discussed.
D.N . Hanson and C. R. W i l k e , Uniuersity of CaliJornia Macroreticular !on Exchange Resins as Sorbenfs for Hydrogen Sulfide and Ammonia. T h e two gases can be selectively ad-
sorbed and separated from inert gas streams onto anhydrous macroreticular ion exchange resins. Exhausted resins are thermally regenerated and the gases can then be recovered in concentrated form.
1 2 p a g e s ( 3 j g u r e s , 3 tables)
3 4 p a g e s ( 3 3 g u r e s , 4 tables)
Subscribers $4.00 iVonsubscribers $8.00
Analysis under the condition of a uniformly distributed volume force, described by Stokes relationship and uncorrelated particle fluid velocities, shows that the turbulence intensity of the suspension fluid decays exponentially faster than in the single phase fluid. Final Period of Decay for a Dilute Suspension Fluid.
Frank X . Pollio and Robert Kunin, Rohm and H a a s Company Ms. 6 8 - 3 9 1
MS.68-398
Subscribers $2.00 Nonsubscribers $4.00
O n Dispersion in laminar Flow through Porous Media.
Shows that volume-averaging of transport equations for uniform flows yields the “usual” dispersion equation. For nonuniform flows a corrective term is added to the equation.
J o h n P. Wallace, Tennessee Technological University, and Richard L. Peskin, Rutgers, T h e State University Ms. 68-399
5 pages
Subscribers $7 .OO Nonsubscribers $2.00
Rutton D . Pate1 and Robert A. Greenkorn, Purdue University
Ms. 6 8 - 3 9 2 16 pages ( 7 jigure)
Subscribers $2.00
Nonsubscribers $4.00
Mass Transfer during Drop Formafion. 1. Evaluation of Exisfing Models. A critical review. All final equations have
been reduced to a common efficiency basis.
iV. Siskooic and G. A’arshimhan, Indian Institute of Kanpur, India MS. 68-393 I ? pages ( I table)
70
Technology,
Subscribers $2.00 A’onsubscribers $4.00
INDUSTRiAL A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
Predicfion of Flux For Reverse Osmosis Concenfrafion of Aqueous Solutions in Turbulenl Flow Using Tubular Cellulose Acefafe Membranes. Proposes an empirical relationship which
predicts permeation rates of water with an average accuracy of 3 ~ 1 5 % for processing both aqueous sucrose solutions and brackish water. Relationship and data should be useful in design of large-scale reverse osmosis installations.
L. M . hfapnabosco and R. F. Battery, FiMCCorporation M S . 68-400
3 7 p a g e s (3Agures, 8 tables)
Subscribers $4.00 Nonsubscribers $8.00
Condensation of Immiscible Liquids on a Horizontal lube.
Heat transfer coefficients for condensation of eutectic mixtures of seven organic compounds with water were correlated. Existing correlations, a laminar two-film model, an empirical expression, and a nucleation model were tested. T h e nucleation model provided the most uniform data fit.
J . A . Sykes and J. M . Marchello, University of Maryland Ms. 68-403 3 4 p a g e s (Qfigures, 4 tables)
Subscribers $4.00
S.Sternberg and C. E. Rogers, Case Western Reserve University Ms. 68-415
Subscribers $2.00
17 pages (Sj'igures)
Nonsubscribers $4.00
NonsubscriBers 88.00
13-Aminotrideconoic Acid from Erucic Acid. Several methods of converting erucic acid to the monomer for nylon 13 were studied in a search for a practical route. Compounds prepared in the selected sequence were eruconitrile, methyl 12-cyanododecanoate, methyl 13-aminotridecanoate, and 13-aminotridecanoic acid.
Joseph L. Greene, Jr., and Robert E. Burks, Jr., Southern Research Institute, and Ivan A . Wolff, Northern Regional Research Laboratory Ms. 68-407 Subscribers $3.00 29 pages (3j'igures)
Prediction of Asymmetric Membrane Permeability. A simple mathematical treatment shows that the magnitude of the difference in penetrant permeation rates in opposite directions through structurally asymmetric membranes is determined mainly by the pressure or concentration dependence of solubility.
A New Polyurethane Millable Gum. Describes preparation of polyester, millable gum, and properties of vulcanizates using metal oxide and diisocyanate curing systems. Gums processed by usual techniques produced elastomeric materials with superior physical and chemical properties.
N. D. Ghatge and S . D. Yadav, National Chemical Laboratory, Poona-8, India M S .6 8 - 4 1 7
Subscribers $1.00
8 pages ( 7 tables, 1j g u r e )
Nonsubscribers 82.00
Nonsubscrtbers $6.00
Disperse-Phase Metal Oxides in Clear Polymer Coatings. Preparation and Plasticizing Characteristlcr of Some N,N-Disubstituted Amldes of Erucic and Crambe Acids. Twenty-
nine disubstituted amides of erucic, crambe, and selectively hydrogenated crambe oil were prepared by amidation of acids or aminolysis of triglycerides and evaluated as vinyl plasticizers. Most exhibited slight volatility and good low-temperature properties.
R. R. M o d , F. C. M a g n e , and Evald L. Ska, Southern Regional Research Laboratory, and H. J . Nieschlag, W. H. Tallent, and I. A . Wolff, Northern Regional Research Laboratory MS. 68-409 Subscribers 83.00 2 1 pages (2figures)
Nonsubscribers 86.00
Formation of Sodium Dithionite from Sodium Amalgam and Sulfur Dioxide in Nonaqueous Media. T h e reaction of Na-
(Hg). with SOz in various anhydrous solvents was studied. High yields of Na2SnOawere obtained in dimethyl formamide and dimethyl sulfoxide. High concentrations of radical-ion intermediates were found in several solvents and their formal compositions determined.
Robert G. Rinker, Uniuerszty of California, and Scott Lynn, T h e Daw Chemical Company Ms. 68-4I O Subscribers $4,00 37 pages (2figures)
Nonsubscribers 88.00
Efficient operation of spray tower extractors containing packed droplets is possible if mass transfer occurs from the continuous phase. Use of a proper surfactant system may ensure stability of the droplets. Spray l o w e r Operations with Packed Droplets.
E. J.Greskovich, Esso Research and Engineering Company M s . 68-412 Subscribers $1.00 8 pages ( 3 f g u r e s )
to complete solutions for cases where the minimum time is greater or less than unity. Examples are given.
Henry C. L i m , Purdue University 30 fiages (5figures)
H. W. Pohland and R. B. W a r d , E. I. du Pont de Nemours €3 Company Ms. 68-420 Subscribers $1.00 7 pages ( 2 tables) Nonsubscribers 82.00
Comparison of "Stepping" and General Complex Matrix Inversion Techniques in Calculating the Frequency Response of Binary Distillation Columns. Compares methods of deter-
mining the dynamics of binary distillation columns in the frequency domain in order to assess quantitatively their relative efficiencies. Computation times for each method are compared as a function of column size.
J . P.Shunta and W. L. Luyben, Lehigh University
MS. 6 8 - 4 2 1
Subscribers 82.00 Nonsubscribers $4.00
7 2 p a g e s ( a j g u r e s , 7 table)
Correlation of Orthobaric Kinematic Viscosities of liquid Hydrocarbons. Proposes a corresponding states method for
correlating viscosities of groups of hydrocarbons over the entire saturated liquid range, employing commonly available properties as correlating parameters. Method shows promise as a predictive technique. Some comparisons are given.
M . M . Abbott and T . G. Kaufmann, Esso Research and Engineering Company
MS. 6 8 - 4 2 2
Subscribers $2.00
12pages ( I table)
Nonsubscribers $4.00
Nonsubscribers $2.00
lime-Bptimaf Control of a Class OF Linear Distributed-Parameter Processes. Presents a simplified approach which leads
Ms. 6 8 - 4 1 4
Shows that colloidal metal oxides, dispersible in clear, durable polymeric coatings, afford ultraviolet protection to coated substrates. Describes colloid size and methods of dispersion and evaluation.
Dynamic Simulation of an LPO Vaporizer. Presents a mathematical model used to simulate a vaporizer. T h e simulation showed rapid enough system response to maintain supply line pressure essentially constant for demand rates to at least 20% above design rate. T h e vaporizer is performing satisfactorily in service.
Richard A . Eckhart, Villanova University Subscribers 83.00 Nonsubscribers 86.00
Ms. 68-429
Subscribers $3.00
2 2 p a g e s ( 7 7 j g u r e s , 7 table) VOL. 6 0
Nonsubscribers $6.00
NO. 1 1
NOVEMBER 1968
71
R E S E A R C H RESULTS
Equilibrium Concepts in Natural Water Systems
The Evaluation of Antioxidanf Activity in Rubber by Differential Thermal Analysis. II. A Correlation of DTA Data with Tensile Strength and Ultimate Elongation Values. The DTA
ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY SERIES NO. 67
method is shown to be a reliable means of rapidly evaluating antioxidant activity in rubber samples.
Natural waters are open, dynamic systems with variable inputs and outputs of mass and energy. Their chemistry is complex and involves many variables. Simplified, manageable models are used to overcome this complexity and to help understand and predict real systems. Sixteen papers represent the collaboration of aquatic chemists, analytical chemists, geologists, limnologists, and sanitary engineers. Among the topics covered are:
Walter R. M a y and Lewis Bsharah, PetroIite Carp. Subscribers $2.00
iMs. 68-430
14pages ( 4 tables)
Nonsubscribers 84.00
Flow Disfribution for Two-Phase Cocurrent Flow in a Packed Bed. Liquid throughput, gas throughput, loading, and
catalyst height have pronounced effects on flow distribution. Maldistribution as a result of channeling at different radialangular locations cannot be adequately predicted or characterized.
Thermodynamics of water systems Limitations of trace metal analysis Gibbs phase rule and marine sediments Water-solute interactions Heterogeneous equilibria Coordination chemistry of the oceans Equilibrium models of the Great Lakes
Auilino Sequeria, J r . , Texaco, Inc., and Robert A . McAllister, Lamar State College of Technology
M s . 68-431
Subscribers $3.00
2 8 p a g e s (6$gures, 6 tables)
ATonsubscribers 56.00
344 pages with index cloth bound (1967) $8.50 postpaid in U S . and Canada, plus 20 cents PUAS and elsewhere. Dispersion in Smooth Pipes with Adsorbing Walls.
Set of L.C. cards free with library orders.
Two
methods to derive the dispersion coefficient for a solute flowing in a smooth pipe with adsorbing walls are presented. Possible usefulness of the results to represent an adsorbing packed bed is discussed.
Order from Dept. G Special Issues Sales American Chemical Society 1155 Sixteenth St., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036
Joshua D a y a n and Octaue Leuenspiel, Illznois Institute of Technology
Ms. 68-432
Subscribers $1.00
10 pages ( 1 j g u r e )
Nonsubscribers 52.00
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