F e b . , 191j
T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D ENGINEERING C H E M I S T R Y
GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS
1
By R. S. MCBRIDB, Bureau of Standards, Washington
department of commerce t o assist in the development of the NOTICE-Publications for which price is indicated can be French chemical industries. (P. 975.) purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Exportation of rubber containing over 15 per cent of impurities Printing Office, Washington, D. C. Other publications can from Belgian Congo is forbidden. Plantation rubber will soon usually be supplied from the Bureau or Department from which they originate. Consular Reports are received by all large be available from the colony. (P. 1050.) The production of gum copal in Belgian Congo is increasing. libraries and may be consulted there, or single numbers can be (P. 1050.) secured by application t o the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Conditions in the nitrate industry of Chili are very bad, due Commerce, Department of Commerce, Washington. The regular ,subscription rate for these Consular Reports mailed daily is to falling off in exports. (P. 1078.) A deposit of gilsonite, useful for paint, paving, and roofing $2.50 per year, payable in advance, t o the Superintendent of materials has been discovered in the Philippines, on the island Documents. PUBLIC HEALTH SEBVICE of Leyte. (P. 1088.) Bacteriological Standard for Drinking Water. PUBLI~HEALTHThe use of fermented cocoanut water (now wasted in copra mills) is recommended in the coagulation of the rubber latex REPORTS, 29, 2959-66 (November -6, 1 9 1 4 ) . The-standard in Ceylon instead of crude acetic acid. (P. 1 1 2 0 . ) which was adopted by the Treasury-Department for drinking The crushing and extracting of palm kernels and copra (dried water supplied t o the public by common carriers in-interstate cocoanut) from the Philippines is soon t o be carried on in Hull, commerce, is one recommended by a commission appointed t o investigate this question for the Government. This article England. (P. 1147.) The British Government has taken steps t o cooperate with gives the text of the recommendations which have been adopted manufacturers, in developing the dyestuff industry in Great by the Treasury Department and the full text of the first progress Britain. (P. 1150.) report of the commission which discussed limits of permissible The opportunities for markets for American coal in South bacteriological contamination. The action of the Department America, Mexico, Central America and the West Indies are adopting this standard was taken October 2 1 , 1 9 1 4 . discussed. (Pp. 1 2 0 1 and 1 2 1 7 . ) BUREAU OF POBEIQN AND DOMESTIC COMMEBCE A graphite deposit has been discovered in British Honduras. Supplement to the Customs Tariff of Japan.-A supplement (P. 1260.) t o the customs tariff of Japan, which, with the earlier suppleTwo valuable fiber plants in British Honduras, are “pita , up to date Tariff Series No. ment (Tariff Series No. z ~ A )brings floja” (ananas macrodontes) and “majagna” (Paritium tiliaceum). 28, published in 1912,has just been issued by the Bureau of ForEfforts are being made t o introduce these fibers into trade. eign and Domestic Commerce, of the Department of Commerce, P. 1274.) as Tariff Series S o . 28B. The supplement contains all the Chemical problems in Germany that have arisen during the changes made in the import tariff and drawback law of Japan war include substitutes for gasoline, for which benzol and alcohol since July, 1913. Such changes consist mainly in additions are being used; rubber substitutes, for which regenerated rubber t o the drawback schedule, for the purpose of promoting the exand synthetic rubber are proposed; forms of combined nitrogen port trade of Japan, and in slight modification in the schedule to replace the interrupted supply of Chili saltpeter, all of which of import duties, in order t o provide for the classification of ceravailable is required for military purposes; and supplies of jute tain products formerly dutiable under more general headings for bags and rosin for paper. (P. 1276.) of the tariff. Copies of Tariff Series No. 28 are for sale by the The calumpang nut (Sterculia foetidas) contains 5 0 per cent Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, of a useful oil. ‘(P, 1287.) a t I O cents each, including the two supplements (28-4 and 28B), The colume-palm nut, found extensively in British Honduras, while copies of hTo. z8B are sold a t 5 cents each. is being urged as a source of edible oil. (P. 1323.) Commerce Reports. The “Daily Consular and Trade ReMethods have been discovered a t Huddersfield, England, ports” which have been popularly known as “Consular Reby which the “sulfur dyes” previously used only for dyeing ports” are, beginning with January I , 1915, t o appear under the cotton, can be used for wool and other fabrics. (P. 1328.) title of “Commerce Reports.” Previously it has been about Efforts are being made t o develop the following new industries four days from the receipt of information t o the publication of in India: Aniline dyes, glass, matches, heavy chemicals, these reports, but arrangements have now been made to issue alcohol, oil, flour, sugar, paper, and starch. (P. 133I .) the daily reports within ten hours. This assures prompt notice American manufacturers are urged to develop the extraction to subscribers of the material which reaches the offices of the of copra (dried cocoanut), in view of the shutting off of the Bureau. The material for these reports is drawn from the European markets, for Philippine copra. Edible and soapcommunications of 300 American consuls, I O commercial attaches, stock oil can be obtained. (P. 1334.) the 8 branch offices of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic The current prices of the principal chemicals in Japan are Commerce, and the numerous expert commercial agents in all given. (P. 1341.) (Reported October 29, 1 9 1 4 . ) parts of the world. As has been the case in the past the reports The dairy industry of Ontario is described in detail. (P. 1345.) will be mailed for $2.50 per year payable in advance to the The dairy industry of the Philippines is dependent principally Superintendent of Documents. The material taken from these on goats and caraboas, and large amounts of milk are imported. reports for this month’s JOURNAL appeared under the old system ( p . 1350.) during December, 1 9 1 4 . The chicle industry of British Honduras is increasing. (P. CONSULAR REPORTS-DECEMBEB,
1914
Owing t o the shortage of cereals in Germany special efforts are being made by the Government t o have a large part of the potato crop dried and converted into potato flour, which is cheaper than rye flour. (P. 966.) The French Government has created a special bureau in the
1372.)
Three plants for converting dog fish into fertilizer and oil have been erected in Nova Scotia. (P. 1373.) Japan has placed an embargo on almost all dyes and chemicals. (P. 1383.) Production of iodides in Japan is t o be increased; and the
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T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y
manufacture of carbolic acid and candles is being urged. (P. 1391. ) Oil indications are said to be favorable in Papua, New Guinea. (p. 1399.) A company has been organized in Sheffield, England, for the production of tungsten for use in high speed steels. (P. 1400.) RECENTDEMANDS FOR AMERICAN GOODSOWINGTO THE WAR. (PP.) CUBA-969 China Earthenware Porcelain Enamel ware G~EBc&-978 Butter f a t s Sheet iron Coal Paper Drugs Tin plate Iron ..~ Copper Lead Rubber goods Bottles Linseed oil Soda CANADA-989 and 1081 Cottonseed meal (for cattle food) Glass Drugs Dyes Chemicals MADAGASCAR-1027 Petroleum Soap Paper Flour
TRIPOLI, AFRICA1009 Sugar Kerosene Cottonseed oil Lubricating oils Metals Beer A U S T R A L I A - ~ O ~and ~ 1106 Sodium acetate Beer Resin Asbestos Cement Paper Tartaric acid Enameled ware Dyestuffs URUGUAY-1132 Drugs Pharmaceutical preparations MORocco-1138 Sugar Cottonseed oil Soap CHINA-1358 Window glass Glassware
225 VLADIVOSTOK-1 Salt Paints Varnishes Paper Lubricating oils Chemicals Soda Potash Paraffin Drugs ROME-1270 Lubricants Coal Benzine Essences Sugar Chemicals Dyes Paper Wood pulp Iron Hides
SPA IN-^^^^
Electrical equipment GERMANY-1178 Phosphate rock
STATISTICS,ETC., REGARDING E X ~ O R TDURING S TEE UNITED STATES. (PP.) DURBAN, So. AFRICAHONGKONG-~O~~ 963 Cassia Hides Cassia oil Whale oil Peanut oil Wool grease Tin JAVA-999 Copra G u m damar Hemp Fibers Peanuts Hides Kapok Citronella oil Rubber sugfu
COCHIN CHINA1170 Canned milk Mineral water Beer Drugs Acids Iron and steel
AUSTRALIA-1112. 1114, and 1234 Hides Condensed milk Eucalyptus oil Zinc dust Osmiridium Coal Tauow Copper
1912
AND
1913 TO
BURMA-I 155 Cutch (dye) Lac (seed) Lac (shell) Gasoline Copper ore Paraffin Hides SIAM-1306 Gamboge White pepper Stick lac Sapphires MADAGASCAR-lO3S Mangrove bark Raffia fiber
BUEEAU OF STANDARDS
Equilibrium in the System: Lead Acetate, Lead Oxide, and Water, at 25’. RICHARD F. JACKSON. Scientific Paper 232. 16 pp. The investigation reported in this paper was intended t o add t o our knowledge of the basic acetates which are commonly used as clarifying agents, particularly in sugar analysis. A complete isothermal equilibrium diagram is given. Electrical Resistance and Critical Ranges of Pure Iron. G. K. BURGESSAND I. N. KELLBERG. Scientific Paper 236. 15 pp. This investigation was carried out in order t o make as exact a determination of the resistance-temperature relation of pure iron as possible, paying particular attention to the form of the curves over the Az and A3 critical ranges. The importance of t h e application of this t o a n elucidation of the question of the allotropy of iron is indicated. Absorption, Reflection, and Dispersion Constants of Quartz. W. W. COBLENTZ. Scientific Paper 237. 1 2 pp. The scope of this paper is indicated by the summary given by the author as follows: “This paper gives quantitative data on the absorption, reflection, and dispersion of quartz, extending from the ultraviolet t o 3 p in the infra-red. The data may be used in determining spectral energy curves. Quartz is practically transparent from the ultra-violet t o I &. It begins to absorb strongly beyond I.€$, and tabulated data are given for eliminating the effect of this absorption in a quartz prism. The results show
Vol. 7 , No.
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t h a t (within the errors of observation) in unpolarized light, t h e transmission is not affected by the direction in which the radiations pass through the material with respect t o the optic axis.” BUREAU OF MINES
Metal-Mine Accidents in the United States during the Calendar Year 1913. Compiled by A. H. FAY. Technical Paper 94. A statistical summary. Notes on the Sampling and Analysis of Coal. ARNO C . FIELDNER. Technical Paper 76. 6 1 pp. Paper I O cents. The discussion given in this paper is intended t o supplement t h a t which has been published previously by the Geological Survey and the Bureau of Mines. It includes a discussion of the collection of samples a t the mine and gives data to indicate the accuracy of the mine sampling methods which have been used. The relation of mine samples t o the commercial shipment is discussed. Sampling of coal deliveries is not discussed, since this has been described in a recent report of the Bureau of Mines by G. S. Pope. Detailed description is given of methods of analysis, including preparation of a laboratory sample ; and the interpretation and accuracy of analytical results is discussed. The larger part of the paper is devoted t o the discussion of the significance of test data, this being justified by “the wide interest in the sampling and analysis of coal, the progress made in laboratory methods, and the bearing of results obtained on various problems connected with the efficient utilization of coal under the steam boiler or in the gas producer.” The Electric Furnace in Metallurgical Work. DORSEYA. LYON,ROBERT M. KEENEYAND JOSEPH F. COLLEN. Bulletin 77. 216 pp. Paper 2 5 cents. This bulletin is made up of three parts as follows: (I) Design, construction, and operation of electric furnaces; (2) the smelting of metal in the electric furnace; (3) the manufacture of ferro alloys in the electric furnace. The object of the first part is stated as follows: “The object has been not t o present a technical discussion of the electric furnace, but t o acquaint the layman, so t o speak, with some of the most important essentials in connection with the use and construction of the electric furnace as used in metallurgical work, and to assist those who are unfamiliar with the subject t o a better understanding of the process described in Parts 2 and 3 of this bulletin and in Bulletin 67 on ‘Electric Furnaces for Making Iron and Steel.’ ” To accomplish this purpose the various types of furnaces are described and illustrated and each of the details of construction and operation discussed; data are given which permit a clear understanding of the principals of design and construction. ’ The second part of this bulletin presents “a statement of the extent t o which the electric furnace has been applied t o metallurgy of metals when the product is in the form of the metal and not of a ferro alloy.” The various processes in use for the preparation and treatment of the following metals and ores are taken into consideration in this part: Aluminum, iron, copper, lead ores and complex sulfide ores, gold and silver ores, zinc, and tin. The third part of this report includes “an account of the development of the manufacture of ferro alloys in the electric furnace, descriptions of some types of electric furnaces used in ferro alloy production, descriptions of several European plants t h a t have been visited by the writer, and information regarding the manufacture and uses of agent ferro alloys.” A glossary of the common terms and a table showing the relation of the various units and other simple data are included, and a n extended bibliography of books, published papers, and articles is given for a number of the subjects which are discussed in the report itself. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Notes on Wolframite, Beraunite, and Axinite. EDGAR T. WHERRY. Separate No. 2060 from the Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 47, 501-1 I.
.
Feb., 19x5
T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
The Water Resources of Butte, Montana. 0. E . MEINZER. Water Supply Paper 345-G, a separate from Contributions t o the Hydrology of the United States, 1914. 45 pp. The information and analyses given in this report are primarily of interest in connection with this locality. Quality of the Surface Waters of Washington. WALTON VAN WINKLE. Water Supply Paper 339. 105 pp. This report is of much wider interest in its application than to Washington State only, since it includes a few discussions of the constituents, uses, purification, methods of analysis, and interpretation of the results of analysis of natural waters. This discussion gives in a clear concise way information which may be utilized by one not experienced in this phase of chemical work. From a n industrial chemical standpoint the qualities desirable for various industrial processes and the effectiveness of various methods of purification are of special interest. Many analyses are given of the water collected in the particular investigation for Washington. The Production of Antimony. FRANK I,. HESS. Separate from the Mineral Resources of the United States, calendar year 1913. Part I, pp. 279-81. “h’o antimony ores were mined during the year so far as was reported to the United States Geological Survey. Prices were too low. As has been pointed out in the Survey’s reports, a t the usual prices antimony ores can not be worked profitably under the high labor costs prevailing in the mining regions of the United States unless the deposits are very large and advantageously situated. No deposits of antimony ores have been found in the United States which fulfil these conditions, and as a regult practically all the antimony metal used here is imported from European and Japanese smelters, mostly from England. The ores for these smelters come largely from China, Mexico, France, and Austria.” The following tabulation shows the imports for 1913. VALUE $798,581 137,780 117,169
LBS.
Metal a n d regulus.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,479,727 Crude antimony a n d ore. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,021,486 Oxide and salts of a n t i m o n y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,968,475 Total value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$1,053,530
The consumption during the same year is indicated by the following tabulation: SHORT TONS VALUE
Antimony contained in antimonial lead from all sources, including by-product a n t i m o n y . . . . . . . . . . . . Recovered from wastes, scrap, etc. (including a little ore), nearly all as alloy., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Imports: Metal and regulus.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crude antimony a n d ore (probable antimony content) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Approximate consumption of metallic a n t i m o n y . , ,
. , ..
2,540
$430,491
2,775
462,115
6,240
798,581
1,200
137,780
12.755
$1,828,967
Arsenic. FRANK L. €IEss. Separate from Mineral Resources of the United States, calendar year 1913. Part I, pp. 283-4. “The output of arsenic in the United States during 1913 was all in the form of white arsenic or arsenious oxide commonly known as “arsenic,” and amounted to about 2,513 short tons, valued a t $159,236, against 3,141 tons, valued at $190,757, in 1912, a decrease of 628 tons in quantity and of $31,521 in value.” “White arsenic was produced in this country only from smelter flue or gas-house dusts and by the same three firms which produced it in 1912.” “There is so little direct profit in the manufacture of white arsenic, owing mostly to the long distances i t must be shipped t o market, t h a t the smelting companies make i t largely because they must prevent its escape into the atmosphere. If the demand and prices justified a larger output the production could be greatly increased.” The imports during 1913 amounted t o 4,701 short tons of “arsenic or arsenious acid” and “arsenic and arsenic sulfide or orpiment,” valued at $410,000 and approximately 100,ooo pounds of Paris green and London purple.
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Bismuth. FRANK L. HESS. Separate from Mineral Resources of the United States, calendar year 1913. Part I, pp. 285-8. “The production of bismuth during the year is thought to have been a t least 157,300 pounds, valued at $273,650.” “During 1913, according to figures obtained from the Division of Statistics, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, 117,747 pounds of metallic bismuth, valued a t $213,257, were imported for consumption. This is a decided drop from the imports of 1912 and preceding years, which probably is to be explained by the large increase in the domestic output.” “The prices quoted during 1913 ranged from $1.75 t o $ 2 . 2 5 a pound, but during the latter half of the year it was uniformly $1.95 t o $2.15 a pound, as given by The American Metal Market.” The statement of the production of bismuth in foreign countries indicates that Queensland, Australia, Bolivia, and Peru are the three principal producers, each having a production valued at more than $50,000. Selenium. FRANK L. HESS. Separate from Mineral Resources of the United States, calendar year 1913. Part I, pp. 289. “During 1913 selenium was produced from the anode muds in electrolytic copper refining by the American Smelting and Refining Company, Nichols Copper Co., and Raritan Copper Works. The production amounted to 29,097 pounds, valued a t about $46,900.” “Prices in large lots ranged from $1.60 t o $1.75 a pound.” “The production of selenium is governed wholly by the demand.” Other selenium sources are sufficient to meet largely increased demands if these arise. “The Raritan Copper Works produced a small quantity of tellurium, which was likewise obtained from copper anode muds. The tellurium was shipped to Europe.” The Production of Iron Ore, Pig Iron, and Steel. ERNEST F. BUCHARD.Separate from Part I, Mineral Resources, 1913, pp. 291-338. “The quantity of crude iron ore mined in the United States in 1913 amounted to 61,980,437 long tons, as compared with 55,150,147 long tons mined in 1912, an increase of 6,830,290 long tons, or 12.38 per cent.” This includes the ore used for fluxing, but not the ore used for paint; the latter amounted t o about 17,000 long tons valued a t $45,000. “The average price of ore per ton for the whole country in 1913 was $2.19, as compared with $1.88 in 1912.” The character of the ore produced is indicated by the following tabulation: LONGTONS
KIND OF ORE
. . . . 58,018,295
....
1,577,019
Average price per long ton $2.21 1.83 2.07 2.06
T o t a l . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,980.437
__
$2.19
The summaries indicate a n apparent consumption of iron ore amounting t o 61,000,000 long tons as used in the production of pig iron, giving approximately 31,000,000 tons of pig iron, a ratio of pig iron t o iron ore of 50.52 per cent. It is interesting t o note that in 1913 there was imported approximately 2,600,000 long tons of ore and export.ed somewhat more than I,OOO,OOO long tons. The production of pig iron in the United States during 1913 is indicated by grades in the following tabulation: LONGTONS Bessemer a n d low phosphorus..
........................
11 590 113 12 :536:693(0) 324,407 Foundry a n d ferrosilicon.. . . . . . . . . . . 5,220,343 Malleable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 993,736 110,338 Spiegeleisen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ferromanganese., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,495 White, mottled, direct castings, etc., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,027 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30,966,152
( a ) Includes a small quantity of basic iron made with charcoal.
The imports of pig iron and ferro alloys amounted t o 1 ~ 0 , 0 0 0 long tons during 1913 and the exports were 280,000 long tons. The marketed production of ferro alloys was as follows:
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T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y
KIND OF ALLOY LONGTONS VALUE Ferromanganese and spiegeleisen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226,475 $9,272.269 Ferrosilicon and ferrophosphorus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,164 1.233,465 Other alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,568 2.509.628 Total. . . . . . . . . . .
296,207
$13,015,362
The production of steel ingots and castings during this year was as follows in long tons: Bessemer., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Open-hearth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crucible and all other.. .......................
9,545,706 21,599,931 155.237
Total ingots and castings.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31,300,874
The production of steel by electrical processes amounted to over 30,000 tons which is a n increase of 65 per cent over the 191 2 production by corresponding methods. Cobalt. FRANK L. HESS. Separate from Part I, Mineral Resources, 1913,pp. 339-40. N o cobalt was produced from domestic ores during 1913. T h a t used in making high speed steel and stellite was imported either as metal from Germany or as oxide from Canada. The imports of oxide, ore, and zaffer during 1913amounted to over 200,ooo pounds, valued at nearly $IOO,OOO. No record is kept of the import of metallic cobalt. The nominal price during 1913was about $1.90to $ 2 . 0 0 a pound. Molybdenum. FRANKL. HEss. Separate from Part I, Mineral Resources, 1913,p. 341. “hTo commercial production of molybdenum is known t o have been made in 1913,and no promising new deposits were reported during the year. The demand, however, suddenly increased, and in the latter part of the fall a French firm offered the following prices: Price per unit Per cent MoSz in long tons 50 . . . . . . . . . . . .$ 5 . 0 0 60 . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 . 0 0 70 . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 . 0 0
Per cent MoS2
Price per unit in long tons so . . . . . . . . . . . 6 8 . 5 0 9 0 . . . . . . . . . . . 10.00 9 5 . . . . . . . . . . . 12.00
“Molybdenum and ferromolybdenum, valued a t more than a ton, were imported during 1913t o the extent of 7.8 short tons, valued at $15,939,against 3.9 tons, valued a t $4,670, in 19I 2 .” Nickel. FRANK L. HESS. Separate from Part I, Mineral Resources, 1913, pp. 343-5. No nickel ores, as such, were mined in the United States during 1913. Although this country refines more nickel than any other country, the ore practically all comes from Ontario and New Caledonia. It is reduced t o matte and shipped here for further reduction to metal. The imports for 1913were divided as follows: $200
Quantity (pounds) Value $ 134,303 Nickel, alloys, pigs, bars, etc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335,054 6 , 4 27,639 Ore and matte (nickel content). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,109,930 1,536 613 Nickel oxide.. ............................. Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47,446.520
$6,562.555
The exports of nickel and nickel oxide during the same period amounted t o 29,000,000 pounds, valued at about $9,7oo,ooo. No nickel matte is known to have been exported during the year. Tin. FRANK I,. HESS. Separate from Part I, Mineral Resources, 1913,pp. 347-9. “An equivalent of only 84 short tons of tin ore, carrying 60 per cent metallic tin, valued at $36,970, was produced in the United States during 1913,against an equivalent of 147 tons of 60 per cent ore, valued a t $124,800,in 1912.” The average monthly price of Straits tin in New York was 44.225 cents per pound. The imports during the year were 53,000 short tons, valued a t nearly $47,000,000,this including about 1,000 tons of scrap tin. Titanium. FRANK I,. HESS. Separate from Part I, Mineral Resources, 1913,p. 351. All of the rutile produced during 1913 was produced by the American Rutile Company of Virginia, amounting to 305 tons carrying approximately 95 per cent titanium dioxide and valued a t about $49,000. The deposits which are worked contain considerable ilmenite, this being removed from the concentrates by a magnetic separator. About 250 tons of ilmenite were thus produced during the year. Tungsten. FRANK L. HEss. Separate from Part I. Mineral
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Resources, 1913.pp. 353-61. “The production of tungsten ore in the United States during 1913,as estimated from returns made t o the United States Geological Survey, was equivalent t o 1,537 short tons of ore carrying 60 per cent of tungsten trioxide (wos),with a value of $627,118.” This report also includes a discussion of market conditions, the tungsten resources of this country, the uses and production both in this country and abroad. Radium. FRAXK L. HESS. Separate from Part I, Mineral Resources, 1913, pp. 363-4. “The production of carnotitebearing ores during 1913was the largest to date, and amounted to about 2,269 short tons of dry ore, which contained about 81,990 pounds of UaOs, equivalent t o 34.8 tons (31,560kilograms) of metallic uranium. Rutherford’ has estimated that t h e quantity of radium in equilibrium with uranium is about I grain of radium to 3000 kilograms of uranium, and yorkers in the Bureau of Mines have estimated that the uranium in carnotite is accompanied by about 90 per cent of the radium required for equilibrium. On the supposition that these figures are approximately correct and t h a t 90 per cent of the radium present is recoverable, then the ores produced contained 8.5 g. of recoverable metallic radium, equivalent t o 15.9 g. of hydrous radium bromide (RaBr2.2H20) valued, a t $IZO,OOO a gram of metallic radium, a t $1,020,000.” “Of the carnotite ores produced, 1,125 dry tons, carrying 36,022 pounds of U308 and 3.7 g. of radium, equivalent to 7 g. of hydrous radium bromide, were kept in this country, and 1,134dry tons, carrying 45,068 pounds of UBOSand 4.8 g. of radium, equivalent to 8.9 g. of hydrous bromide, were shipped to Europe.” Platinum and Allied Metals. DAVIDT. DAY. Separate from Part I , Mineral Resources, 1913,pp. 445-57. It is stated t h a t “the platinum industry remains practically stationary with reference t o the world’s supply and price.” The production in 1913from domestic sources was 1,000 troy ounces of refined platinum, valued at $46,500. The report includes a discussion of the occurrence of platinum and the prevailing prices for crude platinum sand. The 1913 imports of platinum were valued a t more than $~,OOO,OOO.A brief discussion of the uses of platinum and the allied metals is included. Copper in 1913. B. S. BUTLER. Separate from Part I, Mineral Resources, 1913,pp. 523-81. The following summary of statistics of the copper industry gives the more important data of interest. PRODUCTIONOF COPPER: LBS. 1,224,484,098 Smelter output. .............................. 1,235,569,727 Mine production.. ........................... REFINERYPRODUCTION OF NEW COPPER: Electrolytic.. ....................................... 1,022,497,601 155.715.286 Lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58;611;026 Casting and p i g . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . Total domestic.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 1,236,823,913 Total new and old copper.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 1 888 000 000 Total domestic and foreign. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 1 1636,361,101 15 067 782 Total ore produced (short tons), , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . Copper ore produced (short tons) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,336.682 Average yield of copper (per cent). . . . . . .1.67 Imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409,560,954 926,441,142 Exports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CoNsUMPTloN Total new copper.. ..................... 812,068,639 Total new and old copper., . . , . , , , , , , , , , 1 , 0 8 5 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 World’s production.. .................................. 2,198,732,130 IN THE UNITEDSTATES.. . . . . . . . . $l89,795,035 VALUEOF PRODUCTION
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The forms in which copper was cast in 19I 3 were approximately as follows expressed in percentage of total refinery output: wire bars, 58; ingots and ingot bars, 23; cakes, 9 ; cathodes, 8 ; other forms, 2 . “It may be assumed that a large proportion of the 58 per cent cast as wire bars was used for electrical purposes and that the g per cent cast as cakes was used largely for rolling. The other forms are less easily classified. The 8 per cent cast as cathodes, together with a portion of the ingots, probably entered the brass industry, and a large quantity of copper ingots was used in 1 Rutherford, Ernest, “Radioactive Substances and Their Radiations,” p. 16. 1913.
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T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D C S T R I A L A N D EYGINEERIXG C H E M I S T R Y
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casting.” The average price of copper in h’ew York was 15.52 cents per pound for electrolytic copper. Zinc. C. E. SIEBENTHAL.Separate from Part I, Mineral Resources, 1913, pp. 621-67. This report giv2s more detailed data of the zinc industry than has previously been reviewed (see THISJOURKAL for previous 2 months). The most intxesting parts of this report are the discussion of the present practice in the metallurgy of zinc and the report on zinc trade conditions throughout the world. Cadmium. C. E. SIEBENTHAL.Separate from Part I, Mineral Resources 1913, pp. 669-71. The production of cadmium is by 2 firms and no authoritative information as t o their methods is yet available and no statement can be made of the quantity and value of their output. Some information is given as to the character of foreign practice and production. “Cadmium is imported into the United States as metallic stick cadmium and as the pigment, cadmium sulfide (CdS), known as ‘cadmium yellow.’ The domestic quotations on cadmium in 1913 ranged from 7 5 to 85 cents a pound, and the average price for the year, as based on sales, was a little more than 7 5 cents a pound.” Lead. C. E. SIEBENTHAL.Separate from Part I, Mineral Resources 1913, pp, 709-45. The more important data of the lead industry for 1913 are given in the following summary:
quetting of the carbon residue from oil-gas works. The two plants designed for the purpose of utilizing coke breeze, one a t Point Breeze, Philadelphia, and the other a t Detroit, Mich., have not been operated during the last two years, the abrasive action of the coke on the molds and machinery being too destructive for commercial success in these attempts to utilize a n unmerchantable product of the coke ovens.” Manufacture of Coke. EDWARD W. PARKER.Separate from The production Part 11, Mineral Resources, 1913, pp. 455-520. of coke in 1913 exceeded all previous records amounting to 46,000,000 short tons, valued a t $129,000,000, an increase of j per cent in quantity and 15 per cent in value over the previous year. I t is interesting t o note that 7 0 per cent of the increase in quantity of coke produced was brought about by increase in the output of retort coke. “The evolution in coke making, which is shown t o be in progress of accomplishment, by the figures presented in the following pages, is not only in the steady substitution of the retort oven, and its recovery of the valuable contents of the coal other than coke, for the wasteful beehive; i t means also the shifting of the coke-making industry from the vicinity of the mines t o the centers of manufacture and population, where the gas may bz utilized and the other by-product disposed of at a profit.” The foliowing is a summary of conditions a t the end of 1913:
SUMMARY OF LliAD STATISTICS, 1913, I N S H O R T T O N S Total production of refined lead in the U. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Production of desilverized lead in t h e U. S.. .................. Production of soft lead in t h e U. S. (including desilverized soft) Production of antimonial lead in t h e U. S.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Production of lead from domestic ores Production of secondary lead in the U .......... Consumption of lead in t h e U. S. (disregarding stocks). . . . . . . . .
Establishments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 1 102,650 Ovens Built. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,321 Building. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coal used (short tons).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,239,190 66 0 Yield of coal in coke (per c e n t ) , . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 299-530 Coke produced (short tons), . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total value of c o k e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . $128:922: 273 Value of coke per t o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2 7 8
462,460 330,593 161 , 3 0 0 16,665 72,834 414,281
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The value of by-products from coke manufactured during 1913 was as follows: World rank of U. S. in production of lead.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FIRST World rank of U. S. in consumption of l e a d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FIRST
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OUAKTITY VALUE Gas, A I cubic f e e t . . , . . , , , , , . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,553,941 $5,694,691 Tar, gallons, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,145,025 2,830,158 Ammonia, sulfate or reduced t o equivalent in sulfate, pounds. , . , , . . , , 173,342,349 5,324,444 Ammonia liquor, gallons. . . . 4,102,448 537,413 ,.. Anhydrous ammonia, pounds, ( ~ 1 2 8 , 6 6 3 , 9 3 6(a)2,135.656 ....... 403, 579 Other by-products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metals and Metallic Ores in 1912and 1913. J P. DUNLOP. Separate from Part I, Mineral Resources, 1913, pp. 747-53. This is a general review giving in a condensed form data of metal _~ production which has been reviewed in greater detail from the Total value of by-products., . . . . $16,925,941 Coke, short t o n s , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,714,700 48,637,852 extended reports. Gold and Silver. 13. D . MCCASKEY.Separate from Part I, Grand total.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $65,563,793 ( a ) Mainly ammoniacal liquor sold on pound basis of NHs. Mineral Resources, 1913, pp, 845-85, The production of these The Production of Coal. EDWARD W. PARKER. Separate metals in 1913 amounted t o 4,000,000 fine ounces of gold and from Part 11, Mineral Resources, 1 9 1 3 ~pp. 709-92 8 . 67,000,000 fine ounces of silver, valued, respectively, a t $89,000,The production of coal in 1913 in short tons was as follows : ooo and $40,000,000. The sources of these materials are indiBituminous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,363,292 . cated by the following tabulation. Anthracite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91,594,683 Percentage of total output Semi-bituminous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,256.877 PRODUCTION BY GOLD SILVER Lignite and sub-bituminous. . . . . . . . . . . 11,012,054 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.9 0.2 Semi-anthracite, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ,068,812 1,665,237 Gold and silver mills: Block.. . . . . 0.6 By amalgamation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 . 5 5,820,050 Splint.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.i 2 6 i , 120 By cyanidation, , , , . , . , , , , , , . , , , , , , . 3 1 . 2 Cannel.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 .... By chlorination.. , , , , . . , . , , . . , , . , , , , , __ __ T o t a l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570,048,125 Total milling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3 . 0 20.3 The total spot value is given as $760,000,000. The report Smelting(a). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.1 79.5 contains a detailed analysis of production for each state. T o t a l ( b ) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100 0 Asphalt. DAVIDT. Day. Separate from Part 11, Mineral ( a ) Both crude ore and concentrates. ( b ) Philippines and Porto Rico excluded. Resources, 1913. pp. 537-44. “The production of natural Fuel Briquetting. EDWARD UT.PARKER.Separate from asphalt, including all the varieties of natural asphalt, asphaltic Part 11, Mineral Resources, 1913, pp. I 1-16. “The total quantity sandstone, and limestone, amounted in 1913 t o 92,604 short of manufactured fuel in the form of briquettes, eggettes, coalettes, tons, valued a t $750,713.’’ The character of the material boulets, etc., all considered in this report under the general produced is indicated in the following summary: head of ‘briquettes’ amounted in 1913 to 181,859 short tons, S H O R T TONS VALUE Bituminous rock and maltha. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,549 $173,764 valued a t $1,007,327, as compared with 220,064 tons, valued 576 949 Wurtzilite (elaterite), Gilsonite, and Grahamite.. , , 35,055 a t $952,261, in 1912. T O T A L ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,604 $750.713 “In the production of briquettes in 1913, 7 plants used anthra- Manufactured or oil asphalt . . . . . . . . . 436,586 4,531,657 cite culm or fines; I used semianthracite; I semianthracite and TOTAL ,529,190 $5,282,370 bituminous slack mixed in proportions of 3 to I ; I used anthracite The imports during the same period were as follows: culm and bituminous slack, principally the former; 5 used Crude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207,033 738,452 bituminous or semibituminous slack; and 2 used carbon residue Dried or advanced., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.750 133,336 Bituminous limestone.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.395 38,823 from gas works making gas from petroleum. Eight plants used - TOTAL ..................... 228,178 910,611 coal-tar pitch for binder, I used asphaltic pitch, I used w.ater gas pitch, and 5 used mixed binders, the composition of which The principal producers of asphalt imported into the United was not divulged. S o additional binder is required in the bri- States are the British West Indies and Venezuela. ,
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