I/EC
INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
C O N T E N T S C O P Y R I G H T
1 9 5 6
R E S E A R C H
·
· BY
THE
DECEMBER AMERICAN
D E V E L O P M E N T
1956
CHEMICAL ·
D E S I G N
· SOCIETY
·
VOLUME 4 8 , NUMBER ·
ISSUED
E N G I N E E R I N G
DECEMBER ·
8,
1 9 5 6
M A R K E T I N G
COVER G o l d recovery attracted early man, who devised primitive means to extract this precious metal. Large plants t o d a y employ every modern technique to recover gold from ore in which it occurs as a fraction of a per cent. The cover shows molten gold being poured at the D a g g a f o n tein Plant o f the Anglo American Corp. o f South Africa FORECAST One w a y to make your stock go up is to d i v e r s i f y . . . U. S.-produced atomic reactors go into the export market. . .SO2 is more o f a factor in smog than has been thought. . .Air Force scientist's theory could have far-reaching results if it works. ..Fluidized b e d coating is a new idea with promise
11A
l&EC REPORTS Chemical companies are diversifying a t an unprecedented r a t e . . .
13 A
Cooling tower manufacturers move t o w a r d better design and performance to meet more stringent demands
14A
Problem: Chemical debarking agents as effective as sodium arsenite, but nontoxic to animals
17A
LSU's Keller methods
20 A
has made
some
improvements
in bagasse
utilization
Tidewater Oil has a money-saving idea for improved gasoline sweetening
24 A
CHEMISTRY, CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, A N D AGRICULTURE A n l&EC Special Feature Technology has transformed the f a r m ; the outlook is for still more new ideas, materials, and techniques from chemistry and chemical engineering
28 A
COSTS W . L. H a r d y , Foster D. Snell, Inc.
Sodium cyanide is used in refining gold and other metals, in d y e intermediates, and as a surface hardener for steels. Here a r e the costs f o r making it b y two methods
41A
EQUIPMENT A N D DESIGN R. A. C o n r a d , Continental O i l Co.
Continental O i l Co. shows how minor equipment and process changes improve SO2 extraction for aromatics purification 4
A
INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
12
45 A
PROCESS CONTROL BY FLOW COLORIMETRY B. F. Dudenbostel, Jr., and W i l l i a m Priestley, Esso Research and Engineering Co.
Color specs can be met by continuously monitoring plant streams . . .
49 A
FIRST ANNOUNCEMENT OF A NEW STAINLESS STEEL ALLOY M . G . Fontana, O h i o State University
CD4MCu is a new high-strength, corrosion-resistant alloy
53 A
STATISTICAL DESIGN W . J. Youden, N a t i o n a l Bureau o f Standards
Esso's "black b o x " sheds light on some of the mistakes made in research
57 A
SAFETY MacCutcheon continues October's discussion with specific steps for working out answers to intraplant chemical transfer problems
61 A
ATMOSPHERIC REACTIONS OF AIR POLLUTANTS A. J. Haagen-Smit, California Institute o f Technology
There is definite evidence that S 0 2 prevents typical smog from hydroc a r b o n - N 0 2 or hydrocarbon-ozone reactions . ,
65 A
THE PROFESSIONAL SIDE F. M. Tiller asks whether engineers become obsolescent just as machinery does. Some causes for engineers going stale and some suggestions on how to keep from going stale are included in this discussion
85 A
EQUIPMENT A N D MATERIALS OUTLOOK New idea in fluid transfer systems simplifies plant construction . . . Electronic industrial tractor works on reflected light and requires no operator . . . . Hydraulic lift gate for trucks promises to make loading and unloading easier and safer 105 A DEPARTMENTS Ideas Exchange Column N e w Books Briefs N e w Equipment and Materials Readers' Information Service Hindsight and Foresight Editorial
77 79 91 109 123 131 132
CONTENTS
R E S E A R C H
·
D E V E L O P M E N T
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D E S I G N
·
E N G I N E E R I N G
A A A A A A A
CONTINUED
·
NEXT
PAGE
M A R K E T I N G
NEXT MONTH Trends in Equipment and Design—a special report from the National Chemical Exposition a t Cleveland l&EC Reports—what the Chemical Process Industry did in 1956 Processing Gold Wastes for Uranium—the South African sequel to this month's Staff-Industry Collaborative Report on gold ore processing VOL. 48, NO. 12
* * * ·
DECEMBER 1956
5 A
C O N T E N T S —Continued R E S E A R C H
·
D E V E L O P M E N T
STAFF-INDUSTRY C O L L A B O R A T I V E G o l d Processing W . Q . Hull, Cecil Stent Recovery of C y a n i d e f r o m Solutions b y Ion Exchange Eric G o l d b l a t t
·
D E S I G N
REPORT 2095
Waste
Cyanide
Joseph H a l p e r i n , R. W . Stoughton
2115
Poly-alpha-methylstyrene G . D. Jones, R. E. Friedrich, T. Ε. R. L. Zimmerman
·
M A R K E T I N G
Fibrous Filters for A i r Sterilization Design Procedure E. L. G a d e n , Jr., A. E. Humphrey
2172
Experimental Studies w i t h a Pilot Scale Filter W . D. M a x o n , E. L. G a d e n , Jr
2177
Fermentor Design for S m a l l Scale Submerged Fermentation W . C. Friedland, M. H. Peterson, J. C. Syl vester
2180
Equipment for Detailed Fermentation Studies Werkema, 2123
Ionic Derivatives of P o l y a c r y l a m i d e A. M . Schiller, T. J. Suen
2132 Vulcanized .
2138
RE-USE O F WATER BY INDUSTRY Introduction
2145
Re-use of Steam Condensate as Boiler F e e d water D. E. N o l l , H. M . Rivers
2146
Conservation of Water in the Pulp a n d Paper Industry through Recycle, Re-use, a n d Rec lamation H. B. Brown
2151
Recirculation of Cooling Water in Petroleum Refining A. J. Brandel
A. L. Biladeau Cooling
2162
A d a p t a t i o n of Treated S e w a g e for Industrial Use S. T. Powell
2168
(End o f Symposium) EQUIP
2183
Equipment for Small Scale Fermentations C. L. Kroll, Stanley Formanek, A. S. Covert, L. A. Cutter, J. M . West, W . E. Brown . . . .
21 9 0
Role of Turbine Impellers in A e r a t i o n of A c t i v a t e d Sludge J. Y. Oldshue
2194
H. L. Sadoff, J. W . Almlof
2199
Control of O x y g e n U p t a k e in D e e p T a n k Fer mentations Ping Shu
2204
Sulfite O x i d a t i o n as a M e a s u r e of A e r a t i o n Effectiveness J. S. Schultz, E. L. G a d e n , Jr
2209
Effect of Physical V a r i a b l e s on biological Transformation of Steroids
Micro
2172
2213
(End of Symposium) Temperature Gradients in Turbulent G a s Streams (Effect of F l o w Conditions U p o n Eddy Conduc tivity) Ν. Τ. Hsu, Kazuhiko Sato, Β. Η. S a g e
2218
Visible Emission Spectra of T w o - S t a g e Flames of Diethyl Ether Produced in Flat-Flame Burner W . G . A g n e w , J. T. A g n e w
2224
H y d r o c a r b o n Composition a n d V i s c o s i t y - G r a v ity Constant of Rubber Processing Oils S. S. Kurtz, Jr., R. W . King, J. S. Sweely . . . .
2232
Corrections
GUIDE FOR AUTHORS, published in December 1956 issue, page 2254, gives copy requirements to be observed in preparing manuscripts for consideration. Manuscript (2 copies} should be sub mitted to the Editorial Director, 1155 Sixteenth St., N.W., Washington 6, D. C. The American Chemical Society assumes no responsibility for the statements and opinions advanced by contributors to its publications. Views expressed in the editorials are those of the editors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the American Chemical Society. 1956 Subscription Rates 1 yr. 2 yr. 3 yr. Members, foreign and domestic $ 4.50 $ 7.50 $10.00 Nonmcmbers, domestic and Canada 500 8.00 11.00 Nonmembers, foreign except Canada 1500 27.50 40.00 Postage to countries not in the Pan-American Union $2.70 yearly; Canadian postage $0.90 yearly. Single copies: current issues, $1.50 (March and September, issued in two parts, priced at $2.50). Claims for missing numbers will not be allowed if received more than 60 days from date of mailing plus time normally required for postal delivery of journal and claim. No claims
INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
.
E. O . K a r o w , D. N. Petsiavas
2159
IMPROVEMENTS IN FERMENTATION M E N T A N D DESIGN Introduction R. K. Finn, M . R. Sfat
.
2156
Re-use of Cooling W a t e r in a n A t o m i c Energy C o m m i s s i o n Installation
Biological Fouling in Recirculating Water Systems J. J. M a g u i r e
H. A. Nelson, W . D. M a x o n , T. H. Elferdink
Testing of Filters for P h a g e R e m o v a l
S. K. Love
6 A
E N G I N E E R I N G
2107
Batch Versus Continuous Processing in F l u i d ized N u c l e a r Reactors
Carboxylic Rubbers f r o m Scrap Rubber Joseph G r e e n , E. F. Sverdrup
·
Author and Subject Indexes G u i d e for Authors
2179,2234 2235 2254
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