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Trends in Chemical Consulting
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estructuring in the chemical industry has created a wealth of opportunities for consultants. Companies are now more willing to seek outside help than in the past as they recognize the value of experienced specialists. But what constitutes the efficient use of a consultant? And is consulting for you? Trends in Chemical Consulting explores these issues through contributions from chemical consultants, those who have used the services of a consultant, and participants in cooperative arrangements. Presentations focus on those considerations specific to consulting relationships between scientific professionals. Chemists, chemical engineers, and other scientific professionals in support areas to the chemical industry will find this an indispensible resource of information on chemical consulting.
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Chemical Consulting
Contents • Consulting to the Chemical Industry · Industrial Expectations for Consultants and Consulting Services · Understanding, Selecting, Managing, and Compensating Consultants · An Academic Perspective on Consulting · University-Industrial Relationships · Accessing Federal Laboratories Know-How • What Consulting Practices Look Like · Defining and Marketing Your Consulting Specialty · Opportunities for Retired Chemists · Using Consultants to Interpret Regulatory Initiatives · Major Chemical Company Retirees as Consultants and Market Developers · Robotic Servicing on the Space Station Freedom · Consultation in Sensory Evaluation · Chemical Information Consultants Charles S. Sodano and David M. Sturmer, Editors 174 pages (1991) Paperbound ISBN 0-8412-2106-5 $29.95
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or CALL TOLL FREE (in Washington, D.C. 872-4363) and use your credit card! 1156 A • ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL. 63, NO. 23, DECEMBER 1, 1991
handling these emission databases. Each analytical instrument has its own data system for control and data acquisition. The data from these systems were fed to site host computers, t h e n to Electronic D a t a Systems (EDS, a subsidiary of GM), where all the data were compiled into a common format. The d a t a were t h e n transmitted to Systems Applications Incorporated (SAI), where the working data set was converted to common units and put into a format that could be widely distributed and used. SAI also provided the three-dimensional atmospheric model calculations for determining ozone formation. All data files have been made available to the member companies, EPA, CARB, and other interested parties. Analytical results
Statistical analysis and atmospheric modeling studies have been under way since the Phase I testing prog r a m was completed in F e b r u a r y 1991. Overall, the analytical techniques have met or exceeded the program's requirements. The speciation procedures produced results with a high degree of reliability. The qualitative identification of chemical species was better t h a n 98% accurate above the 0.05 ppm (1.0 mg/mi) exhaust emission level. Although the analytical techn i q u e s could s p e c i a t e u p to 151 chemical components, only about half that number of species was quantified in any one test. Figure 4 shows the distribution of species as a function of carbon number for the paraffins, olefins, aromatics, and oxygenates for 20 1989 vehicles using one of the test fuels. Forty-four paraffins, 20 aromatics, 18 olefins, and 9 oxygenates were quantified in this set of tests. During the one-year period of the Phase I study, a Ford Aerostar and a Chrysler Dynasty were used in correlation studies to determine if there were any differences in analytical results between the GM and Ford testing facilities. These vehicles were transferred between the laboratories on a regular basis during the entire Phase I studies. For several selected hydrocarbons determined by GC, the agreement between the two laboratories was excellent, even down to the 0.1-ppm emission level. Seasonal variability was also studied by determining formaldehyde emission during winter (2/904/90), summer (6/90-8/90), and fall (9/90-11/90) periods at the Michigan
