NEW PRODUCTS
• Chemicals and materials 201 Clarifying agent. Nonionic adsorbant is in liquid suspension form and can selectively remove mucins, lipids, cell debris without disturbing antibodies in supernatent. Affinity Technology 202 Reagents. Pyridine-free reagents developed for volumetric, cuolometric moisture determinations. J. T. Baker 203 Surfactants. Water-based surfactants provide good wetting capabilities to pressuresensitive adhesive formulations. Air Products & Chemicals 204 Lubricant. Synthetic lubricant formulated for refrigeration systems that are charged with chlorine-free refrigerants. Mobil Oil 205 Polymer. Redispersible powder polymer for flexible thin-set mortars can be used as standard cement modifier or as additive to give greater flexibility to dimensionally unstable substrates such as plywood. National Starch & Chemical 206 Coatings. Line of aqueous urethane hybrid polymers gives good balance of chemical- and solvent-resistant properties to coatings, adhesives. Air Products & Chemicals 207 Modifier resins. High-performance polymer series of modifier engineering resins can improve heat resistance, tensile properties of other miscible polymers. GE Specialty Chemicals 208 Polycarbonate. Conductive flame-retardant polycarbonate uses highly conductive carbon black and offers superior moldability over similar products; nonreinforced and fiberglass-reinforced grades also available. RTP 209 Paper copolymer. Cationically charged organic copolymer is retention aid for acid and alkaline papermaking systems that improves formulation, drainage. Betz PaperChem
210 Additives. High-performance carbon additives for plastics applications developed for automotive, electronics, high-tech engineering applications. Lonza 211 Fluorogenic reagent. Highly reactive 4-(aminosulfonyl)-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole can be used in quantitative and selective labeling of protein thiols. Wako Chemicals
• Literature and services 212 Microscopes. Catalog features microscopes and accessories for wide array of products for light microscopy work. McCrone Accessories & Components 213 Used equipment. Publication uses classified format to list used and surplus scientific equipment, brief description tells whether sale or exchange is preferred. Scientific Exchange 214 Insulation. Ceramic puttylike insulation is pumpable, noncorrosive, with high insulation value and excellent thermal shock resistance. Carborundum 215 Heparin derivative. Brochure describes range of lowash, pyrogen-free, lyophilized heparins including low molecular weight derivative with improved bioavailability. Celsus Laboratories 216 Filters. Brochure on lastchance filters details construction, uses of these fluid clarification devices that are usually installed upstream of fluid system components. Pall 217 Coatings. Brochure describes advantages of use of propylene glycoltert-butylether in formulation of water-borne, water reducible coatings. Arco Chemical 218 Spectra interpretation. Interactive computer program teaches principles of interpretation of four spectra: IR, proton NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Savant
219 Safety training. Video training package on lab safety provides employee handbook, chemical hygiene plan manual for compliance with OSHA's Hazardous Chemicals Standard. Coastal Video Communications 220 Process industry. Brochure describes variety of tools for process industry including fiber-optic-based spectrophotometers. Guided Wave 221 Surfactants. Technical review describes use of acyl sarcosinate surfactants in the selective lysis of inner wall gram-negative bacteria and the isolation of purified active products from genetically transformed microorganisms. W. R. Grace
• Labware and instruments 222 Microphysiometer. Instrument uses living cells on a silicon sensor to measure transient, sustained changes in cell metabolism in a noninvasive manner. Molecular Devices 223 Spectrometer. Fouriertransform Raman spectrometer uses highly reflective goldcoated optics to measure Raman spectra directly instead of as an accessory device to an FTIR instrument. Nicolet 224 Blotting paper. Gel blot paper provides dependable results in nucleic acid and protein research, reliably lifts gel transfers from glass supports. Midwest Scientific 225 Adsorption system. Noncryogenic adsorption system uses proprietary process cycle that allows unit to produce up to 50 tons per day of 90+% pure oxygen, 25% more economically than previous systems. Air Products & Chemicals
different solvents for highperformance liquid chromatographic analysis. Hewlett Packard 228 Column. Surface deactivation process eliminates silanol interaction between column's packing and sample components allowing acidbase mixes and/or zwitterions to be analyzed without need for extreme mobile-phase conditions. Supelco 229 Liquids measurement. Instrument combines measuring system with manually operated mechanism for determining surface and interfacial tension and liquid densities. Brinkmann Instruments 230 Spectrophotometer. Fluorescence spectrophotometer weds advanced optical-mechanical technology with Windows software to provide variable-scale expansion, peak area integration, other data functions. Hitachi
• Plant equipment and materials 231 Industrial printer. Unit and paper are sealed both in front and in back so it can be used on shop floors; prints single copy or two carbon copies and uses standard paper. Dianachart 232 Water treatment. Line of automated, packaged wastewater treatment systems are designed to treat industrial waste from wide variety of sources. Equitec Environmental 233 Slurry technique. Method improves ability to perform inductively coupled plasma analysis of such difficult-to-dissolve materials as SiC and zirconia. Spectro Analytical Instruments
226 Surface analysis. Multitechnique surface analysis system offers efficient small area and angle-dependent analysis; employs dual anode design. Perkin-Elmer
234 Multiplexer. Fiber-optic multiplexer couples bundled fiber optics for reflectance, transmittance, and transflectance sampling. LT Industries
227 Degasser. On-line degasser removes dissolved gases simultaneously from up to four
For information on these items or numbered ads, see Reader Service Card JANUARY 20,1992 C&EN
45
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ηπνηπτ
A summary of 1991
ANTIFOAM DEVICE
1-800 FOAM FREE DOW
CORNING
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46 JANUARY 20,1992 C&EN
phosphate actions
CONNECTICUT The Department of Environmental Protection testified at a March 1 hear ing that it already had sufficient reg ulatory authority over water quality and did not need a bill that would amend the state's detergent law to ban the sale of all phosphate deter gents. No action occurred on this bill.
OREGON This past summer the governor signed legislation limiting the use of phosphate in laundry detergents to 0.5% phosphorus by weight, and in automatic dishwasher detergents to 8.7% by weight, effective July 1,1992. Industrial and institutional applica tions are exempt.
LOUISIANA No hearings were held on a bill in troduced last spring that would em power the Department of Environ mental Quality to regulate the phos phate content of "cleaning agents."
SOUTH CAROLINA A phosphate ban bill passed by the legislature and signed by the gover nor in late May restricts phosphorus use in household laundry detergents to 0.5%, limits the automatic dish washer detergent maximum to 8.7%, and provides for the traditional in dustrial and institutional exemp tions, including commercial laun dries.
MASSACHUSETTS Passed by the state Senate last spring, S. 50 was amended on the House floor in September and re committed to the House Commerce & Labor Committee, where it cur rently resides. The bill would ban the use of phosphate in household laundry products, require regulatory review and approval for industrial and institutional exemptions, and impose broad ingredient reporting requirements on manufacturers of household cleansing products. MONROE COUNTY, FLORIDA In July, the Monroe County Commiss i o n a p p r o v e d p h o s p h a t e ban amendments negotiated between the Soap & Detergent Association and the county attorney's office. The amended ordinance exempted from the county's phosphate ban all household and industrial and institu tional automatic dishwasher prod ucts with a phosphorus measure of 1.1 g per tablespoon or less. It also provided for the continued use of all industiral dishwasher products for three months beyond the Oct. 19 ef fective date so as to allow for perfor mance evaluation of lower phosphate products in such applications.
Vogel explains, "Vista's history of manufacturing environmentally friendly s u r f a c t a n t r a w m a t e r i a l s dates back over 25 years. Vista was first to develop and commercialize linear detergent alkalate and linear synthetic Ziegler alcohols. Our linear detergent alkylate was used to replace 'hard 7 alkylate. Similarly, less biode gradable, nonionic surfactants were replaced with biodegradable surfac tants based on linear alcohols. These
TEXAS In May, the city of Austin adopted an ordinance banning the use of phos phate in home laundry detergents with exemptions for automatic dish washing and industrial and institu tional products. Effective date is Au gust 1992. Since then, La Grange, Smithville, and Wharton have adopt ed similar phosphate bans modeled after the Austin ordinance. All three become effective in fall 1992. WASHINGTON A phosphate ban bill died in com mittee last spring owing to lack of any scientific evidence that it would improve water quality. FEDERAL The Lakes Assessment & Protection Act of 1991, sponsored by Sen. George J. Mitchell (D.-Me.) would require the Environmental Protection Agency to establish a five-year phaseout of the use of phosphates in detergents. Intro duced in May, the bill has not re ceived priority attention.
environmentally friendly products are still widely used today. 77 In another move to defend the envi ronmental profile of a product, a group of companies including Texaco Chemi cal and Union Carbide teamed u p to do a study to demonstrate the environ mental quality of alkylphenol ethoxylates, raw materials used in making laundry products and cleaners. The study, done in coordination with the Environmental Protection Agency, in-
Τ Η Ε
SIXTH
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Now Being Taken
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egistrations are now being taken for the
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rogram Highlights: This symposium will address current developments in basic and applied research of cyclodextrins and their derivatives. The program will consist of both lecture and poster presentations.
production and properties
Sixth International Symposium on Cyclodextrins
Complexation - structure, kinetics and stability End-use applications in pharmaceuticals, analytical chemistry, chemical processing, foods, agro-chemicals and personal care products
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volved 30 rivers and "found that these products are not building up in the environment. So people with environmental concerns about using them need no longer have these concerns/' says Carbide's Elling. At the annual Soap & Detergent Association (SDA) meeting early next week, Carter G. Naylor of Texaco Chemical is slated to present the findings of the study in a paper entitled, "Alkylphenol Ethoxylates in the Environment/7 Despite these concerns, Kamenicky expects to see growth in both synthetic and natural surfactant products in the near future. And, indeed, some of that growth in each sector will come from changes made to meet consumer demand for more environmentally friendly products. Reformulation, including the incorporation of biodegradable raw materials, will account for some synthetic growth, he says. In 1992, the value of industry surfactant shipments is forecast to increase 5.1% in real terms, he estimates. Exports and imports are expected to in-
crease as global concentration leads to fewer companies. Exports to developing countries will continue to grow, and imports from Western Europe also will post gains, adds Kamenicky. 'The industry will continue to be affected by acquisitions and mergers. Environmental issues and concerns will dominate production with growth rates of 5 to 55% per year over the next five years/' he adds. Vista is one chemical company that remains "optimistic" about the prospects for Gel formulations are improving automatic 1992. Vogel reports the com- dishwasher detergents pany has been experiencing In the first of several steps that it is "a continued increase in demand for all our products from many different mar- taking toward meeting increased cusket segments. We are anticipating an- tomer demand, Vista recently completother good year in LAB sales. In alco- ed the debottlenecking of the ethoxylahol and derivatives, we anticipate tion unit at its alcohol plant in Lake ethoxylate sales for Vista in 1992 will Charles, La. Capacity was increased from 65 million to 80 million lb per outperform 1991."
SIEMENS Finally - an easy-to-use X-ray diffraction system for analyzing plastics «^MHH The Siemens Area Detector system and GADDS polymer software are faster, more flexible and easier to run than any other X-ray diffraction system available today. Featuring pop-up menus and real-time color display as part of a graphics-oriented user interface, the only thing missing is competition. • Ideal for texture analysis, percent crystallinity and other applications, including QC • Easily measures d-spacings, angles and intensities from any pixel location • Versatile data files can be used with powder diffraction software for phase identification and profile fitting In USA & Canada contact: Siemens Analytical X-Ray Instruments, Inc. • 6300 Enterprise Lane • Madison, Wl 53719 • (608) 276-3000 Worldwide contact: Siemens AG, Analytical Systems AUT V 371 • P.O. Box 21 1262 • D 7500 Karlsruhe 21 • Germany • (0721) 595-4295 CIRCLE 20 ON READER SERVICE CARD
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JANUARY 20, 1992 C&EN
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PRODUCT
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Eight U.S. companies produce surfactants, raw materials Surfactant raw materials
year. In addition, says Vogel, "we are evaluating investment in LAB and al cohol capacity on a worldwide basis/' The inventory requirements for the rollout of new compact brands in 1992 will help Vista's sales, he anticipates. "And the improving economies of Lat in America are also expected to pro vide a boost to our export business," says Vogel. Chevron's Johnson is also sanguine about what 1992 holds for the α-olefins business as it relates to soap and deter gent raw materials. "Rising ethylene prices is one factor that could really hurt those companies supplying petro chemical based feedstocks, by making way for natural oils," says Johnson. Chevron makes the key feedstocks used in the production of α-olefin sul fonates and fatty amine oxides. But that price rise does not seem to be in the cards. "It would take an unfore seen, unlikely disruption of crude oil or ethylene to raise prices to that level, and I don't see that scenario in 1992. I don't think pricing will have negative impact on demand" of petrochemicalbased feedstocks in 1992, Johnson points out. α-Olefin "volumes have gone up considerably" over the past 12 months, adds Johnson, "particularly noticeably in the first half of the year." He adds that the soap and detergent business is "more seasonal than one would ex pect" in a business that sells its prod ucts year-round. Business was slower "through the second half." Johnson reports that Chevron's α-olefins sales were up 40% in 1991 from 1990, noting "strong customer de mand." The increase in sales volume also reflects the additional output from its 250 million lb-per-year normal α-olefins unit, which went on stream at the Cedar Bayou plant in Baytown, Tex., in May 1990. (The unit was idled five months after its startup by a fire, but was restarted in March 1991.) And Johnson is "anticipating a strong first half again. We don't see any falloff, rather we anticipate an increase in de mand in 1992." Aiming to better meet its customers' needs, Chevron is proving out a new, lower paraffin technology for its α-ole fins production, says C. Eric Spore, a product specialist in Chevron Chemi cal's olefins and derivatives division. The new technology, which likely will be commercialized this month, will
Linear alkylbenzene
Detergent alcohols
Surfactants
Ethylene oxide
Alcohol ethoxylates Alkylphenol ethoxylates Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, alcohol sulfates, alcohol ether sulfates, alcohol glyceryl ether sulfonates, fatty amine oxides, fatty alkanolamides Alcohol ethoxylates Fatty alkanolamides, fatty amine oxides, alcohol ethoxylates Alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates Alkylphenol ethoxylates Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, alcohol ethoxylates, alcohol ether sulfates
Hoechst Celanese Monsanto Procter & Gamble
Shell Chemical Sherex Chemical
Texaco Chemical Union Carbide Vista Chemical
Note: 1990 data; some surfactants may be used captively only and some companies offer additional surfactants produced through toll arrangements, a Although Texaco has no detergent alcohol capacity, it obtains its alcohols from Ethyl Corp. through a long-term arrangement. Source: SRI International's 1992 Chemical Economics Handbook
produce a purer α-olefin product for its customers, including those in the soap and detergents business. For its part, FMC has been working on a new technology to help soap mak
ers cut raw material costs in the midst of the recession. Last February, the company was awarded a patent for a new detergent manufacturing technol ogy using soda ash and surfactants. Ba-
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98.% Dialkyltetralines
